Bhaskar, Tushar Kumar2025-07-102025-05-28https://dspacenew8-imu.refread.com/handle/123456789/2833The changing needs of international marine trade are examined in this study, as is the vital role that contemporary, effective, and sustainable port infrastructure plays in satisfying those needs. Since seaports handle more than 80% of the world's trade by volume, port modernization is critically needed to handle growing cargo volumes, bigger ships, more stringent environmental standards, and the quick digital transformation of logistics networks. In order to evaluate the state of port infrastructure around the world, the study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative measures (such throughput, turnaround time, and investment levels) with qualitative analyses (like case studies and policy evaluations). Technological developments (AI, IoT, blockchain, automation), environmental sustainability measures (shore power, pollution control, renewable energy utilization), governance structures, and funding sources are some of the main areas of focus. Major port case studies from Singapore, Rotterdam, Durban, Shanghai, and Los Angeles show development obstacles, performance benchmarks, and best practices in a variety of economies and regions. The results show that ports with more infrastructure investment and technological adoption continuously exhibit stronger resilience against disturbances like pandemics and cyberattacks, more operational efficiency, and less environmental impact. This study looks at the evolving demands of global maritime trade and the critical role that modern, efficient, and sustainable port infrastructure plays in meeting those demands. More than 80% of global trade is handled by seaports, therefore port modernization is essential to manage increasing cargo quantities, larger ships, stricter environmental regulations, and the rapid digital transformation of logistical networks. The project comes to the conclusion that improving port infrastructure requires a comprehensive transformation that integrates smart technology, sustainable practices, and resilient designs rather than just increasing capacity. Policymakers, port authorities, and investors may use the research's strategic recommendations to establish smart, green, and future-ready ports that can boost economic growth and meet the changing demands of maritime trade in the twenty-first century.enDissertation