Browsing by Author "Arun Kishore, Eswara"

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Carbon emissions for Indian Railways
(IRFCA, 2013) Arun Kishore, Eswara
Indian railways is a critical infrastructure in the transportation of goods across India. It plays a vital role in the geographically balanced economic growth. By transporting a large volume of goods in comparison to air or road modality, it offers a better solution in cutting emissions. In this present paper a study is conducted based on data published by various governmental bodies; to quantify emissions from the transportation of goods by Indian railways. A comparison is attempted between the electric and diesel electric options for railways at the end, which will set out recomendations for a national policy for a healthier environment. The market share of Indian Railways is consistently falling over the years, it is losing to road transport. In the context it is worth mentioning that from the various studies published internationally, there is a close competition between railways and water transport in respect of environmental performance. Road transport is third choice in relation to Water transport & Railways wrt environmental performance. Major part of Railways goods is based on six major industries viz Electricity, Coal, Steel, Crude Petroleum, Petroleum Refinery products & Cement. A study by KPMG 1 found that the market share of transportation in India is 62% by Road, 29% by Railways,5% by Coastal, 4% by pipelines & < 1% by Airways. These statistics show that emissions from transportation can be reduced drastically by transportation modal shift to coastal waterways and railways combination.
Introduction to natural gas : A comparative study of storage, fuel costs and emissions for a harbor tug
(SNAME Maritime Convention, 2013-11-08) Arun Kishore, Eswara; Misra, S. C.; Ramesh, U. S.
This paper discusses the science of natural gas, its composition and ways to determine and coherently express its physical and chemical properties. Pricing of natural gas is shown with regard to weight and energy. A 60 Ton harbor tug employing either a set of constant rpm engines for CPP operation, or a set of variable rpm engines for FPP operation, with a standard load profile is made the basis for discussion. Advantage of evaluating thermal efficiency of gas engines relative to the higher heating value of natural gas, as against its lower heating value is explained. A compendium of storage options and the resulting endurance with the use of natural gas forms such as liquified gas (LNG), compressed gas (CNG) and adsorbed gas (ANG) is presented. Steps to ascertain fuel consumption of the gas engines operated according to the load profile and an approach to evaluate and relate the quantities of LNG, CNG and ANG is shown. Fuel costs and emissions from the tug operation using natural gas as fuel are evaluated per month and compared with diesel and residual fuels. Green House Gas emissions as a summation of emission constituents from the natural gas fuelled tug operation is detailed, and its need emphasized. The concepts of useful work done, emission efficiency parameter and energy efficiency parameter, which may be helpful in the design of harbor tugs and similar service vessels are proposed. The emission efficiency parameter is evaluated and analyzed for the 60 ton harbor tug.
Some statistical relationships among dredger particulars observed in the indian dredging fleet
(International Conference on Ship and Offshore Structures, 2015-12) Arun Kishore, Eswara; Ramesh, U. S.
"Cutter suction dredgers(CSD), Trailing suction hopper dredgers (TSHD) and Grab dredgers form 88% of the total Indian fleet size, respectively in the order of individual share. Indian yards have achieved 90% indigenization in design and construction of grab hopper dredgers. However, there is a techno-economic backlog in India to manufacture some vital components for CSDs and TSHDs and companies are increasingly looking to buy foreign made dredgers at a high price. Dredging demand in India at ports and in navigable inland water ways is set to grow with the encouragement for water transport. Ministry of Shipping, Govt. of India has sponsored studies at Indian Maritime University – Visakhapatnam (formerly, NSDRC) for indigenization of dredger design and manufacture. The present paper aims to illustrate the existing dredger fleet of India and bring out some interesting correlations or conclusions that aid the design of dredgers. Dredgers are built for a specific function. Due to this design objective, they differ from other marine vessels on the aspects of principle particulars, hopper capacities, powering and other functional data such as cutter power for CSD and dredge pumps power etc. The identified correlations among a few parameters observed from the Indian dredging fleet are discussed. Certain ratios among the main dimensions for a TSHD such as length/breadth, breadth/dredge depth and breadth/draught, also known as ship ratios, are a key to dredger design and are known to vary with market conditions or time. They indicate design trends for future dredgers and require to be kept updated. "
The prostects of dredging and indigenization of dredger design
(Dredge Yard, 2015-06) Arun Kishore, Eswara; Ramesh, U. S.
The scope for dredging in India is potentially vast, looking at the prospects of development and maintenance of existing major ports, building new ports, o_shore resources exploration, demand from navy and more interestingly the projects envisaged for national waterways. The capital dredging demand during 2012-2017 is about 639 million m3 and that of maintenance dredging during the same period is about 521 million m3. This requires the employment of substantial number of dredgers of varying capacities. The minor sector dredging demand of about 100 million m3, during the said period, oers additional opportunity for dredging. The modal shift of cargo to inland and coastal waterways o_ers bright prospects for a sustainable economic prosperity. The government encouragement for \Make in India" has brought in a lot of economic interest as well. This is an excellent period to target for indigenization of dredger manufacture. Locally manufactured dredgers not only reduce costs of dredging but also encourage business climate. Further, it will enable India to produce globally competitive world class dredgers. The present paper is written in this context of presenting our study encompassing the scope for dredging activity, identifying suitable types and capacities of dredgers for employment in India. The paper also touches upon the present shipbuilding infrastructure, dredger equipment manufacturers and a road map for indigenization. The paper concludes with forecasting future dredging demands, scope for native dredgers manufacture, identifying a particular target range for indigenization.