Browsing by Author "Balaji, Rajoo"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Controlling nox in modified high pressure split injection single cylinder diesel engine with egr-a mathematical approach /
(IIETA, 2023-06-30) Balaji, Rajoo; Yeditha, Veeravenakata SatyanarayanaMurthy; Premkumar, Balaji Chittibabu
A single cylinder low powered diesel engine of 3.5kW was modified to run on Common rail direct injection high pressure split injection system. This modified engine was tested to run on the neat diesel with ultra-cooled exhaust gas recirculation. The adjustable working parameters i.e., injection pressures 200bar, 230bar, 250bar, 300bar and 350bar, retarded injection -11°, split injection -54°and -11°. After Top dead center position, Exhaust gas recirculation flow rates 5% & 10% respectively are tested on this engine under two typical operating conditions of ¼ full load of 0.875kW and ¾ full load of 2.625kW respectively. Single factor and multifactor orthogonal quadratic regression analysis has been carried to determine the effect of these 4 working parameters on engine emissions NOx. The mathematical equations characterizing the relationship between these 4 operating variables are formed. The equation of the NOx and noise was from the orthogonal regressive test under 1/4 Full load and ¾ Full load conditions was set as the objective function and the ranges of these 4 working variables are given as the constraint condition. Models of non-linear programming were then formulated and solved by using statistical analytical software. Test results showed that 10% Single Injection generates NOx of 194.87 parts per million while 10% Multiple fuel injection generates 199 while the minimum NOx that can be produced is 134.27.
Correlation between propulsion engine with propulsor for fishing vessels â€“ a mathematical approach /
(IEEE, 2022-02-21) Narayanan, Jayagopal; Murthy, Yvv Satyanarayana; Balaji, Rajoo; Ghosh, Surajit; Hulmani, Ram M.
The energy efficiency is of most important in all economical activities for the fishing industry, energy efficiency can be expressed in term of the ratio of fishing capture over operational cost. The fuel cost and maintenance cost in fishing vessel operation became a dominant factor of the total operational cost. Moreover, fuel cost is high and continues to increase. Each region in India follows unique methods of vessel construction and fishing methods. Also, vessel speed requirement of the regions and the type of fishing are diversified. One way to achieve best energy efficiency is highly depends on the optimum selection of engine and the propeller for the vessel. This research aims to estimate the optimal common mathematical simulation approach for matching propulsion engine along with propeller for the fishing vessel by considering all variables such as hull profile, fishing methods, operating pattern, resistances and appendix as an influencing function. The method and operation pattern of Cruising, Trawling, Purse seine, Gillnet, Long line are taken into consideration for all mathematical simulation. In addition to mathematical simulation this report also covers the practical verification and validation of actual on-board performance on all selected type of fishing vessels, methods, grounds and fishing operations.
Renewable Energy Options for Seaports
(IEEE, 2022-02-21) Thangalakshmi, S.; Balaji, Rajoo
In recent times, the application of renewable energy sources (RESs) for power distribution systems has been growing at a steady pace. This advancement brings several advantages such as energy sustainability and reliability, easier maintenance, cost-effective and ecofriendly energy option etc. The application of RESs in maritime systems such as port micro-grids could improve energy efficiency and reduce the utilization of fossil fuels, which has resulted in harm to the environment. Ports have been contemplating on several initiatives to improve their energy efficiency by deploying different types of RESs based on power electronic converters applications etc. This paper presents a systematic review to provide renewable energy options for state-of-the-art, modern electrification and infrastructure of seaports taking into account some challenges such as the environmental aspects, energy efficiency enhancement, renewable energy integration, and legislative and regulatory requirements. A brief projection of future work on the same is also included.
Smarter education methodologies for met: an approach with augmented reality /
(IEEE, 2022-02-21) Balaji, Rajoo
The current Instructional Designs of Maritime Education and Training (MET) relies on models, oriented towards competency enhancement in a vocational backdrop. While outcome based models are being implemented to improve the formats, experiential learning methods have been proposed. These include simulator based training, virtual reality modules etc., which attempt to bring the physical and behavioural realism. It is deliberated that: inclusion of Augmented Reality (AR) in the formats would make training more effective.In this study, a pilot approach to investigate the effectiveness of AR has been followed. Conceptual Training Model based on AR is demonstrated to a selected target student population from Marine engineering discipline. They were put under this experience and the effects tested with formative and summative assessments. The variables for testing the hypothetical case on improvements are then formulated and probability of analysing impact of A R methodology on learner’s cognitive load and psychomotor skills will be proposed. This paper is limited to the review of literature and proposals of few AR models in the Competency formats of marine engineering training.
Vibrartion analysis of fibre glass contra rotating propeller of fishing vessel /
(IEEE, 2022-02-21) Murthy, YVV Satyanarayana; Balaji, Rajoo; Narayanan, Jayagopal; Hulmani, Ram M
Conventional marine propeller remains the standard mechanism for ship propulsion however the blade material of a marine propeller is very significant in reducing the noise and vibration. The efficiency of a marine propeller mainly depends on blade material due to the marine corrosive environment, scaling and marine aquatic growth on the blade surface. The propeller efficiency depends on blade shape, size, density, and strength of the material. A suitable blade material should have low density, high strength and long fatigue life. At the same time the blade material should with stand large hydrodynamic inertia, fatigue load, sustain the sea environmental effects like accumulation of silts, sediments, algae, calcium deposits etc. Due to the increase in weight of the propeller due to these deposits and also designing a larger size propeller becomes more important. Indeed, optimising the weight of the propeller blades are of great importance since this would lower the forces transferred on to the propeller hub. These factors demand the selection of new and innovative materials for blade manufacturing to sustain above environmental conditions and required mechanical properties. Fibre glass appears to be a promising material for marine propellers being well known for its low weight, high strength and stiffness. It is highly flexible and low-cost material and acts as a protective barrier from corrosion and rust in saline environment and found to be a promising propeller material for small craft fishing vessels. To control the noise and vibration and improve the onboard comfort level on small fishing vessel contra rotating propeller made from fibre glass was proposed in the present research work. For this propeller made from 3 different materials such as fibre glass, Carbon Epoxy and Aluminium were chosen and modelled for different geometries. A contra rotating propeller comprises two coaxial propellers sited one behind the other and rotating in opposite directions. The forward propeller diameter is bigger in diameter has 4 blades while aftermost propeller is smaller in diameter have 3 blades only both of them made from fibre glass material. This present CAD model was designed using FUSION 360 software. The purpose of the contra rotating propeller is to ensure that the design of the propeller is tuned according to the above needs. The vibration simulation studies are carried using Ansys FEM analysis software. In this work the modal analysis was done without considering the damping for different thrust loads using Fluent software 16. 0. The blade is assumed like a cantilever beam subjected to loading. A higher section modulus is taken which can be achieved if more mass/fibre is distributed towards the root of the blade as opposed to the tip, as more distribution of mass away from the neutral axis. The simulation results obtained were compared with respect to the other materials. In the present simulation fixed boundary conditions are assumed at the two propeller shafts with total number of elements as 4548 and 8436 nodes. The results show that the mode shapes for above modelled fibre made glass contra rotating propeller regarding 1st, 2nd & 3rd order frequencies occur at of 52.815Hz, 78.42Hz & 116.96Hz respectively. The results confirms that fibre glass material would be a promising material for contra rotating propellers suitable to small craft marine fishing vessels.