Browsing by Author "Ravichandran, N."

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Awareness & knowledge on hiv/aids among unmarried women aged 15-24 years in Karnataka and Odisha states of India - a comparative study
(Desh Vikas, 2017-09) Ravichandran, N.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final and most serious stage of HIV disease, which caused severe damage to the immune system. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The virus attacks the immune system and leaves the body vulnerable to a variety of life-threatening infections and cancers. The virus can be transmitted through a) sexual contact, b) through blood and c) from mother to child. India has a huge population (1.2 Billion) and 2.1 million people are living with HIV. It is important to create awareness among the women particularly in young age group on safe sex and to reduce the chance of acquiring or spreading HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Unmarried women in the age group of 15-24 are the most vulnerable groups whose tastes and preferences, attitude and behaviors always involve certain amount of risk. The study involves comparison of awareness, knowledge and misconception of unmarried women in the age group of 15-24 years of Karnataka and Odisha states. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has also challenged traditional cultural boundaries. The information included awareness, knowledge, misconception and Family Life Education. Karnataka and Odisha states in India were having different parameters have compared and analyzed in this study. It is of general opinion that female are found to be more vulnerable to infect HIV/AIDS than males, because they have a lack of awareness than the male. Education is the main source of awareness and knowledge which is lacking in both rural and urban areas of Odisha. It is observed that there is better correlation between education and awareness level in the state of Karnataka than Odisha.
Child health care – a case study in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 2019-01) Ravichandran, N.
Children are future society of the world and it is necessary to give importance to their health. Care should be taken to the mother and child health, and the children up to the age of five years in which most of the children prone to many diseases like diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, jaundice, pneumonia, chicken pox, measles etc. The children are prone to these diseases due to malnutrition and lack of proper immunization. This is basically lack of awareness among the illiterate, ignorance of the village population and few people not taking seriously. Preschool children below five years are vulnerable group of the population and their nutritional status is considered to be a sensitive indicator of health and nutrition. Each year, millions of women, new-borns and children die from preventable causes. While the interventions that could save their lives are widely known, they are often not available to those most in need. Government of India proclaimed a National Policy on Children in August 1974 declaring children as, "supremely important asset". The policy provided the required framework for assigning priority to different needs of the child. The programme of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched in 1975 seeking to provide an integrated package of services in a convergent manner for the holistic development of the child. "Understanding how diseases are spread and how to reduce the risks of fresh infection are essential if children are to be cared for safely and healthily. Knowledge of preventive measures and childhood immunization schedule is also important in order to save children from diseases. Data obtained from RCH-2 was used for the study purpose. The data was filtered and analyzed. The statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) tool was used for analysis of data. The total women of 731 in the age group of 15-44 and the children in the age group of 0-6 years were 242 in the study area of the district. Immunization of the children is a very important component of the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) started by the Government of India in 1985-86. To understand the coverage of immunization, data of all those children who were twelve months and above and born since 1st January 1999 to the time of survey were collected. As recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) breast feeding should be initiated immediately after birth and should be continued exclusively up to four months. The WHO also suggests that the yellowish milk, known as colostrum’s, should be given to the baby because it provides protection against certain infections. Children age 6-24 months is most vulnerable to anemia and it can result in impaired cognitive performance, behavioral and motor development, co-ordination, language development and scholastic achievement, besides increasing morbidity from infectious diseases. Anemia among pregnant women results in increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. The Antenatal check-ups are necessary during the pregnancy of a woman. The mother and children’s health of the district will be vital and valuable source of information for making further improvements in child health policies and programmes. Government, Health organization, NGO’s and anganwadi workers should create more awareness and treatment practices on childhood diseases among pregnant women, mothers and children to reduce the mortality rate in the district
Gandhi and Non-Violent Management
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 2017) Ravichandran, N.
Gandhi and peace journalism
(Andhra University, 2015-03) Ravichandran, N.
Journalism was the factor that transformed ordinary Gandhi into Mahatma Gandhi. He was not only a political leader, but he was also a journalist to the core. He was the edition of three English weeklies. Many facets of Mahatma Gandhi, one of the great personality and leaders ever have been brought out through his very honest writing. Gandhi showed the path of developing and strengthening the communication system in society by the media, the intelligentsia and the conscience-keepers of society. Gandhi was clear in his mind that war or peace would have its roots basically in the heart and head before they manifest outwardly. As for the word “PEACE” Gandhi used it in a normal sense as “mental peace” on one side and as “absence of conflicts and wars or warlike situation on the other. Going deep into the problem of conflicts and wars Gandhi realized that the individuals as individuals or as groups, should pay attention to their innercalling that benefit them to be human and humane. Gandhi’s journal carried articles on a variety of subjects written by him and others ranging from the spinning-wheel to the most important political problem of the day. Gandhi’s work in journalism had a strong influence not only on every newspaper in but also on the entire literary world of every language in India. Gandhi’s resistance campaign in South Africa was conceptualized, introduced and mobilized through the efficacy and eloquence of the press. The functional worth of his use of journalism as an instrument of protest and identity construction is well exhibited in the formation of homogenous reality for South African Indians and awakening and consolidating them to firmly stand for their rights. He said “Truth alone is God” and nothing else is. Gandhian Journalism has relevance even today and journalists in the media establishments must bear them in mind when they are working. He also said that courage of conviction and truth telling are the bedrock of the journalism profession.
Gandhi and social work – An eye opener to the society
(2020) Ravichandran, N.
Gandhi's swadeshi mythology and economy - A study
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education Research, 2015-12) Ravichandran, N.
Health facility disparities at phc level : A comparitive study between Andhra Pradesh and Bihar
(Humanities and Social Science studies, 2014) Ravichandran, N.
The establishment of Primary Health Centres in India started as early as in 1952, and over the last six decades it has undergone several changes to meet the increasing demand for health care services. During the Eighth and subsequent plans the emphasis was mainly on consolidation of existing health infrastructure rather than on expansion. The National Health Policy stressed on the provision of preventive, promotive and rehabilitative health services to the people thereby making a shift from medical care to health care in the rural areas. Services are provided through a network of integrated health and family welfare system and the health programmes have been restructured and reoriented from time to time to meet the objectives of the National Health Policy. Data were drawn from INDIA FACILITY SURVEY (Under Reproductive and Child Health Project) Phase – II, conducted during 2003. Totally 1225 sampled PHCs were considered for this study at Andhra Pradesh (380) and Bihar (845). In line with this, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India (GoI) is implementing a Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme in the country. The primary aim of the RCH Programme is to bring all the RCH services within easy reach of the community. Primary Health Centres (PHCs) comprise the second tier in rural healthcare structure envisaged to provide integrated curative and preventive healthcare to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects. PHCs are established and maintained by State Governments under the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)/Basic Minimum Services Programme (BMS) There were 23,236 PHCs functioning in September 2005 compared to 23,109 a year earlier, according to the Ministry of Health. Though the numbers appear to be increasing there is still a shortfall of about 16 per cent when compared to the required norms for PHCs.The parameters of availability of infrastructure, staff, equipment, training and supplies have an impact on utilization levels and health outcomes in these States. In this regard, demand as well as supply side constraints are observed (on staff, infrastructure, equipment, training and supplies) which restrain the optimum utilization of existing health services in Bihar when compare to Andhra Pradesh state.
Importance of research
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 2018-04) Ravichandran, N.
In academia, both the faculty and the students are challenged to embrace engaged learning experiences and evidence-based education through undergraduate research. It is well known that, research is in shambles in universities and colleges. The divinity of fortune smiled on sycophants. The solution to this academic malady does not lie in separating research from teaching at the undergraduate level. The purpose of research in to inform action. Thus, your study should seek to contextualize its findings within the larger body of research. It must always be of high quality in order to produce knowledge that is applicable outside of the research setting. Good research offers solution to a problem, an answer to a good question and contributes to our knowledge of the world. Research should be at the core and must be instrumental in generating a major interface with the academic and business world. The undergraduate research experience is one of several experiences that can impact the future career choices of our undergraduate students. It is essential to establish labs of current technologies in the Engineering departments of colleges and universities. The knowledge of economy identifies knowledge as the most important form of capital and university research is one of the most important sources of new knowledge. Any research intensive university works hard to attract the very best and most talented educators and researchers in order to maintain its position. More research skills and sources will be able to gain more facts and above all different research sources offer different kind of information to understand the topic and present the findings. Research draws its power from the fact that it is empirical rather than merely theorizing about what might be effective or what could work, researchers go out into the field and design studies that give policymakers hard data on which they can base their directions.
Influence of Technology in women Entrepreneurship
(International Seminar on Women Entrepreneurship and Globalization: Issues and Challenges, 2018-02) Ravichandran, N.
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and higher education
(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2018-12) Ravichandran, N.
The application of ICT in higher education has grown steadily in the past decade in both developing and developed countries although there are wide variations in the usage between countries and the regions. ICT is believed to specifically strengthen higher education systems. The increasing information and communication technologies has brought changes of teaching and learning at various levels of higher education systems leading to quality enhancements in the century. The adoption and use of ICTs in higher education have a positive impact on learning, research and teaching. In addition to learning and teaching process, ICT also provides the facility of e-learning. ICT increases the flexibility of delivery of education, so that learners can access knowledge at any time and from anywhere. It was observed from the research findings that, the students are very enthusiastic and receptive about the new mode of teaching based on ICT. Information and communication technology has become an integral part of today’s teaching and learning process. This paper attempts to study the advantages and conveniences of applying in align with e-learning in higher education and teaching in universities. In this paper facts and figures obtained from various sources were used. Countries across the world are using ICT in facilitating information dissemination and communication in all areas of education and training. Effective use of technology can motivate students, make our classes more dynamic and interesting, and renew teacher enthusiasm as they learn new skills and techniques. Technology is also helping the students to understand any abstract concepts clearly. The use of ICT will not only enhance learning environment but also prepare next generation for future lives and careers. Effective use of technology can motivate the students, make our classes more dynamic and interesting and renew teacher enthusiasm as they learn new skills and techniques. Needless to say that library professional have shown a positive attitude towards the use of ICT applications and library automation, majority expressed the need for appropriate training to make use of ICT tools. Most of the students in higher education have own their laptop and search different sources of online for information and learning about a topic in which they have interest.
Millennial work force: Opportunities and challenges
(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2020-06) Ravichandran, N.
Primarily, it is important to mention the classification of the generation before understand what a millennial is? There are five classification of generation namely (a) Baby Boomers, (b) Gen X (c) Millennials (d) Gen and (e) Generation Alpha. Over the past few decades, millennials have received a significant number of attentions as they have conversion into adulthood. As the largest generation presently active in the workforce, they have the numbers and the power to stand up for what they think they deserve, and employers hoping to attract and retain millennial talent would be wise to take heed. Milleninals are frequently told to focus on effort over achievement, and are often rewarded for participation rather than performance. There are certain challenges millennials faces in the job market such as Technology (Artificial Intelligence) for job screening, higher qualification at entry level, lack of experience, dishonest recruiters, security, climate change, economy and so on. Millennials are the first generation of “Digital Natives” that is, they have never known a world without digital technology. Their usage of smart phones and application supports them to complete their tasks quickly and effortlessly. Apart from work the young generation focuses on knowledge and continuous learning. Millennials don’t keep themselves locked in a way of working or a possibility to make things work. The new generation of employees has different expectation and agenda, which requires that their managers be trained accordingly and assumed that over 50 percent of employees will be millennials by 2020, managers will need to learn quickly and compactly how to help this group maximize their work effectiveness and productivity while helping them understand that, job hopping is not a career and is one of the challenge for managers working with millennials and technology. Millennials can add enormous value to a company, particularly technology. Their positive preponderate of the millennial is exactly what is needed in today’s technology world. According to HRM, technology becomes more powerful and those who quickly hold on it and take ascendance of it will be our world’s leaders. Significantly, the millennial generation facing challenges in workplace, unlike generations before and keep their head above water, with issues such as technology growth, AI job screening, inflation in the education system and so many other problems
Role of NGOs in basic health care and education
(UGC’s national seminar on NGOs and civil society in the era of Globalization, 2014-03) Ravichandran, N.
Sexual health & hiv/aids related knowledge, transmission & prevention among married women in India – a study
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 2018-09) Ravichandran, N.
Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has the most dreaded disease of mankind in the recent years. The causative agent for this disease is a very tiny microorganism known as the HIV type-1. This belongs to a retro virus family and exclusively affects human beings and not identified in animals. This virus behaves in a unique manner and affects the defense mechanisms of the human body and specifically attacking white blood cells which multiplies and over a varying duration of 5 to 10 years, the infection manifests with many symptoms related to the loss of body mechanism is the stage called AIDS. Approximately 33.2 million people throughout the world are living with HIV and an estimated 25 million have died from the virus. Globally the pandemic has infiltrated all areas of life and has particularly affected reproductive and sexual health. Some of the most contentious and challenging public health issues arising from the HIV/AIDS pandemic involve reproductive and sexual health. Basic health care and a range of services are fundamental to reproductive and sexual health. There are increasing numbers of people living with HIV; the rates of sexually transmitted infections have increased significantly in recent years. Creating awareness, transmission and prevention in the society is more important on HIV/AIDS and these three factors are included with sexual health. In this study few statistical data drawn from different sources are being considered and other empirical evidences used. The objective of the study involves sexual health & HIV/AIDS related knowledge, transmission, misconception and prevention. The study involved in the reproductive age group of 15-49 of ever married women and Data drawn from DLHS 3, FHS for the purpose of the study. According DLHS-3 ever married women age of 15-49 has total of 6,43,944. Out of that 5,02,272 women from rural and 1,39,672 respondents from urban background respectively. The awareness, transmission, prevention and misconception of the respondents compared with certain background characteristics. Evidence suggests that, many people lack the information they want and need to make informed choices that will affect their sexual health. There is a relationship between sexual ill health, poverty and social exclusion. Sexual health affects our physical and psychological wellbeing and is central to some of the most important and lasting relationships in our lives. This paper focused the risk factors of HIV transmission, prevention, testing and counselling in order to keep the good sexual health. In order to protect our sexual health, safe sex methods such as using condoms, negotiated safety relationship and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) have to be adopted. Free services have to be provided on sexual health, sex and relationship education and free HIV testing and counseling. No one can refuse that there are many challenges explaining the relationship between Sexual health &HIV/AIDS for all people. A persons health is inescapably linked to the sexual health of his/her partner (s). To achieve and maintain sexual health, the sexual rights of all persons must be protected, respected and fulfilled. Lack of awareness leads to transmission of HIV and affects the sexual health.
Status of inequality of health facility at PHC level : A comparative study between Andhra Pradesh and India
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education Research, 2014-05) Ravichandran, N.; Rangarao, A. B. S. V.
"The establishment of Primary Health Centre’s in India started as early as in 1952, and over the last six decades it has undergone several changes to meet the increasing demand for health care services. The National Health Policy stressed on the provision of preventive, promotive and rehabilitative health services to the people thereby making a shift from medical care to health care. The delivery of Primary Health Care is the foundation of the rural health care system and is an integral part of the national health care system. Individuals who are poor are most sensitive to the cost of health care; they are less likely than are those who are rich to seek care when they are ill, and this difference is more evident in rural than in urban areas (NSSO. The sub-centre is the most peripheral institution and the first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. Primary Health Centre’s (PHCs) comprise the second tier in rural healthcare structure envisaged to provide integrated curative and preventive healthcare to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects. (Promotive activities include promotion of better health and hygiene practices, tetanus inoculation of pregnant women, intake of IFA tablets and institutional eliveries.) Compared to District Hospitals or sub-divisional Hospitals, PHCs are accessible to a larger population, as one PHC is expected to serve 30,000 populations (NFS-RCH II 2003) in plain area and 20,000 in hilly and tribal area. However, just the availability of PHCS is not sufficient for the effective delivery of these services. They should also have essential infrastructure, staff, equipment and supplies. The PHCs surveyed at national level (9688) and Andhra Pradesh (380) with respect to the availability of selected facilities.
Tribal women education in india opportunities and challenges
(UGC’s national seminar on the status of tribal women in India, 2014-02) Ravichandran, N.
Tribal’s or adivasis are concentrated mostly in the central belt of India and parts of the North-East. The sex ratio of the tribes in India during 1991 showed 971 females per 1000 males while it was 927 females among the general population. The status of any social group is determined by its levels of health nutrition, literacy, education and standard of living. Like other social group the tribal women constitute 50 percent of the population. Tribal women work harder in order to improve their economy. Role of women is not only of importance in economic activities, but her role in noneconomic activities is equally important. Health of the tribal women is more important. In tribal communities women are working hard and considered to be asset. Women continued to play a significant role. Poverty inflicts deep-rooted wounds on the psyche of individuals. Education imparts knowledge, knowledge of self and infuses a sense of confidence, courage and ability among the tribal women to know and overcome their problems associated with exploitation and to avail socio-economic and political opportunities extended to them. It has been recognized as a major instrument which societies can use to direct the process of change and development towards desired goals. The earliest period of independence has ushered in a new era in the field of women’s education in general and tribal women in particular in the country. In spite of the opportunities, extra initiatives and care by the government for tribal education, the achievement of tribal women education is not as per expectations due to several factors. Hence, problems associated with education of tribal women needs immediate attention and early resolution. Women play equal to men in productive activities. A large number of tribal women have missed education at different stages and in order to empower them there is a great need of providing opportunities so as to enable them to assume leadership qualities for economic self-reliance and even social transformation