Journal Articles
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Item Development of a ballast free ship design(International Journal of Innovation Research & Development, 2012-12) Godey, Avinash; Misra, S. C.; Sha, O. P.Shipping transfers approximately 3 to 5 billion tonnes of ballast water internationally each year. Ballast water discharges non-native species leading to severe ecological problems. The present work aims at a design solution into the ballastless ship in which ballast water exchange and treatment is avoided by providing flow-through longitudinal pipes in the double bottom instead of conventional ballast tanks. During the design of the ballast less ship, different hull forms are generated with altering the hull shape in forward and aft out of which one was finalised. In addition to change in hull form the internal tank arrangement has been changed so that the propeller immersion and the minimum draft required in the ballast condition is achieved. Structural arrangement for the mid ship section was proposed for the modified hull form of ballast less ship as well as data on valves had been collected for the flow through condition. Finally, resistance tests were conducted on equivalent models of scale ratio 1:71 for the conventional and the proposed ballsatless form at the loaded and ballast drafts in the Hydrodynamic Towing Tank of the Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. The model experiments on ballast less ship show an increase in resistance in ballast draft when compared to a conventional tanker due to the flow through pipes in double bottom.Item Control of biocorrosion to prevent the propagation of invasive species(Indian Maritime University, Chennai, 2010-09) Joshi, Madhu; Mukherjee, A.; Ramesh, U. S.; Misra, S. C.Biocorrosion or biofouling on ships hull occursdue to the attachment of barnacles, mollusks and other aquatic organisms on the surface of ships which leads to increase in fuel consumption, reduction of the vessels speed, premature failure of the hull, etc. Recent developments in antifouling paints, in general, prevent fouling in about 95% percent of the vessels underwater surface, which ship operators find satisfactory as far as the routine vessel operation is concerned. However, this is not sufficient to prevent the transport or invasion of alien species. In recent years the issue of invasive marine species has been receiving considerable attention due to the fact that introduction of nonidegenous species or non-native species transmigrated from other areas to coastal waters often results in the reduction and even extinction of the native species and thereby severely disrupting the natural marine ecosystems. The predominant vector for the transport of nonindigenous species in marine environments has been shipping. While ballast water receives the most attention, hull fouling is now considered to be the most significant means for translocation of these organisms. For example, 90 percent of the 343 marine alien species in Hawaii are thought to have arrived through hull fouling Certain niche areas of the vessel such as bow thrusters, sea chest, stern tube, rudder etc. are the likely areas to be heavily fouled. In addition, the other areas that are likely to be fouled are on locations where antifouling paint has been worn of due to excessive shear and bending of the hull. This paper reviews the various antifouling strategies and aims identify areas on the hull surfaces of certain classes of vessels that are prone to fouling by excessive shear and bending and identify suitable antifouling treatments to further reduce the risk of transportation of alien species.