Journal Articles

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    Accessing the causality among air transportation, trade openness and GDP: Evidence from a panel of high-income countries
    (Transport Policy | Elsevier, 2025-01-07) T. Bangar Raju
    Over the last few decades, the contribution of efficient civil aviation has been recognized comprehensively to promote and sustain economic growth (Brugnoli et al., 2018). Air transportation can accelerate economic development through prompt access to world market, easing economic integration, and allowing effective global supply chains between nations. The dual effect of efficient air transportation can also be defined in terms of its ability to transport traded goods in quick time along with facilitating mobility of labour between countries. Apart from that, airfreight plays an important role in timely delivery of parcels, medical equipment, and other necessary goods across the globe. Airdrops are one of the efficient responses of relief organisations to humanitarian crisis (Zhang and Graham, 2020). In the geographical areas, which are adhered to weak ground and water transportation, air traffic routes are signified to as lifelines for the said regions (˙Ilarslan et al., 2018). Further, the improved air transportation creates a positive dual impact on the economy through its expenditure and transportation effects (Ozcan, ¨ 2014). The expenditure effects occur from construction and operation of airports which generate employment and enhance purchasing capacity of the economy. The transportation effects arise from reduction in transportation costs due to decreased travel time, enhanced reliability and safety that will lead to decrease in production cost and stimulate investment in the economy (Taylor and Samples, 2002). The report of Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) shows that around 65.5 million jobs and 3.6 percent of global economic activity are supported by the aviation industry. Therefore, efficient civil aviation not only supports the economic development in a country but also provides an advantage during emergencies caused due to natural disasters, war, and famine.
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    Issues in offshore platform research - Part 1: Semi-submersibles
    (International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering | Elsevier, 2010-09) S. C. Misra
    Availability of economic and efficient energy resources is crucial to a nation’s development. Because of their low cost and advancement in drilling and exploration technologies, oil and gas based energy systems are the most widely used energy source throughout the world. The inexpensive oil and gas based energy systems are used for everything, i.e., from transportation of goods and people to the harvesting of crops for food. As the energy demand continues to rise, there is strong need for inexpensive energy solutions. An offshore platform is a large structure that is used to house workers and machinery needed to drill wells in the ocean bed, extract oil and/or natural gas, process the produced fluids, and ship or pipe them to shore. Depending on the circumstances, the offshore platform can be fixed (to the ocean floor) or can consist of an artificial island or can float. Semi-submersibles are used for various purposes in offshore and marine engineering, e.g. crane vessels, drilling vessels, tourist vessels, production platforms and accommodation facilities, etc. The challenges of deepwater drilling have further motivated the researchers to design optimum choices for semi-submersibles for a chosen operating depth. In our series of eight papers, we discuss the design and production aspects of all the types of offshore platforms. In the present part I, we present an introduction and critical analysis of semi-submersibles.
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    Advanced Python-Based Simulation Framework for Maritime Collision Prevention: Integrating Computational Physics and Interactive Game Design
    (Journal of Maritime Research, 2025-03-25) Manivannan, M.; Gokulanathan, A.; Sridevi Devasena, G. ; Srividhya, S.
    In this research work we presents a full Python-based simulation framework for the prevention of maritime Collision Prevention through the incorporation of advanced computational techniques. Along with interactive game design principles. The current study explores that the novel approaches to deal with its significant challenges in the maritime domain through a complex 2D ship Collision Prevention simulation. It uses the cutting-edge technologies. Such as Pygame, advanced mathematical modeling, and object-oriented programming. In order to establish a novel methodology in the analysis and mitigation of collision risks in maritime environments. Complex physical interactions are introduced in this simulation framework using algorithms for the purpose of real-time collision detection and dynamic visualization to simulate ship movement. The Ship class has a robust implementation and the advanced mechanisms of the collision responses. A realistic maritime interaction dynamics model in particular the event-driven architecture of a game and completes the package. The study throws light on the possibility of enhancing maritime safety through paython based simulation computational methods. Further it focusing on the important balance between technological innovation and human expertise. It will open new avenues for future research in maritime safety as well in root optimization . Especially artificial intelligence , interactive computational modeling by providing a flexible and extensible platform for collision avoidance analysis.
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    THERMOHYDRAULICS OF TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR DUCTS WITH TRANSVERSE RIBS AND TWISTED TAPES WITH AND WITHOUT OBLIQUE TEETH
    (Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2022-06-22) Sujoy Saha
    Thermal and friction characteristics of turbulent flow through square and rectangular ducts with periodic transverse ribs and different types of twisted tapes with and without oblique teeth have been studied experimentally. Circular ducts have also been used. Correlations for predicting the friction factor and the Nusselt number have been developed and performance has been evaluated. Although both the friction factor and the Nusselt number are higher for all types of twisted tapes with oblique teeth in combination with transverse ribs, the performance evaluation has shown that the ducts with transverse ribs and regularly spaced twisted-tape elements with oblique teeth are better than those in the case without oblique teeth and this is recommended. Also, since the pressure drop in a heat exchanger is a small fraction of the total system pressure drop, the heat transfer being higher, full-length and short-length twisted tapes with oblique teeth in combination with transverse ribs can be recommended since the heat exchanging surface area requirement will be less.
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    The investigation on stability and physicochemical properties of multi ferrites nanoparticles dispersed Tamarindus indica biodiesel
    (International Journal of Thermofluids | Elsevier, 2025-02-28) Jaikumar Sagari
    This study aims to investigate the stability and physicochemical properties of nickel and manganese doped bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BNiFMO) in a Tamarindus indica biodiesel. The BNiFMO nanoparticles were evaluated at concentrations of 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L. In addition, the BNiFMO nanoparticles were supplemented with dispersants (Tritonx and QPAN) at different ratios, namely 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75 and 1:1, respectively. The stability study was carried out using the principle of photo spectroscopy at three different time intervals: Week 1, 2 and 3. The stability was evaluated by transmittance and absorbance. In addition, the physicochemical properties were evaluated according to ASTM standards. The transmittance of BNiFMO nanofuel spiked with Tritonx and QPAN80 was lower compared to the base nanofuel, while the absorbance increased, indicating better stability. At lower ratios of nanoparticles and Tritonx/QPAN, stability decreased, but better stability was achieved at a 1:1 ratio. The QPAN-based nanofuel was found to be more stable overall than the base nanofuel and the Tritonx-based nanofuel. The lower transmittance and higher absorbance were noticed with B20 +BNiFMO75 mg/L +QPAN 75 mg/L, while the stability decreased slightly with increasing duration. The minimum transmittance and higher absorbance values recorded were 87.75 % and 4.42 in week 1, 89.93 % and 4.23 in week 2, and 91.21 % and 4.18 in week 3. Finally, the addition of Tritonx and QPAN to BNiFMO nanofuel led to an increase in calorific value and cetane number. The highest calorific value and cetane number recorded were 41.456 MJ/kg and 64, respectively, for the B20 +BNiFMO 75 mg/L +QPAN 75 mg/L blend. However, the kinematic viscosity and density exhibited somewhat inconsistent trends.
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    Exploring the necessary upgrades in port infrastructure to accommodate and support the operation of the next‑generation green ships
    (Marine Systems & Ocean Technology | Springer, 2025-04-14) Mohite, Abhijit Arvind ; Mathew, Emil
    The transition to green shipping is critical for addressing the maritime industry’s environmental challenges amid rising concerns about climate change and pollution. Green ships utilize alternative fuels and innovative technologies to reduce their carbon footprint, necessitating substantial upgrades to port infrastructure. This study employs a positivist approach, using a quantitative research methodology to analyze the financial, technological, and environmental requirements for accommodating these vessels. A descriptive research design, coupled with stratified random sampling, captures stakeholder perceptions from diverse groups, including industry experts and port authority officials, through a Likert-scale questionnaire. The findings reveal strong consensus on the urgent need for improvements in docking facilities, modern fuel supply systems, and waste management, indicating financial and technological challenges. Stakeholders largely believe that adequate financial resources exist for these upgrades, emphasizing the importance of government funding and private investment. There is a general agreement that upgrading infrastructure will decrease carbon emissions, while calls for stricter regulatory enforcement and legal incentives persist. Overall, this research underscores the readiness of ports to accommodate green ships and highlights the potential for aligning investments with global sustainability goals. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of stakeholder perceptions and the integration of multiple dimensions—financial, legal, environmental, and technical—in evaluating port infrastructure upgrades for green shipping.
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    PHOTOVOLTAIC-FED MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM FOR NEXT-GENERATION ELECTRIC VEHICLES
    (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE SCIENCES, 2025-06-30) S Thangalakshmi
    The growing demand for zero-emission, environmentally friendly Electric Vehicles (EVs) is driven by both current and anticipated energy crises, supported by government policies and evolving market trends. Addressing this need, the present study proposes a novel control strategy for an induction motor drive system in EVs, primarily powered by solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) panels. The system employs Field-Oriented Control (FOC) technology to ensure precise motor control, enhanced performance, and reduced energy losses. To enable real-time monitoring and control, an Internet of Things (IoT) based system is integrated, providing valuable insights into the motor drive’s operation and energy consumption. The incorporation of solar PV energy offers a sustainable, long-term alternative to conventional grid-powered sources. The FOC technique further ensures efficient and reliable motor drive operation under varying load conditions. Overall, the synergy of solar energy, advanced motor control, and IoT monitoring presents a highly efficient and eco-friendly solution for future EV applications.
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    Effect of nutrient-based alloying elements on biodegradable magnesium alloys: Evolution, challenges, and strategies for orthopaedic applications
    (Biomedical Engineering Advances | Elsevier, 2025-03-28) Saikiran, A.
    In recent years, magnesium (Mg) alloys have become increasingly popular in orthopaedic applications as biomaterials. Unlike traditional implants such as cobalt-chrome, stainless steel, and titanium alloys, Mg alloys offer notable advantages, including outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. This characteristic eliminates the need for a second surgery after the bone healing process, a distinct advantage for patients. Additionally, Mg alloys address the issue of stress shielding, a common problem with other materials. Despite facilitating the osteoconductive process, their rapid degradation in physiological conditions poses a challenge, compromising mechanical strength and hindering bone tissue recovery. This degradation leads to tissue alkalization and the formation of hydrogen bubbles, hindering the recovery rate of bone tissues and limiting the applications of Mg alloys. And the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in physiological conditions accelerates corrosion and compromises mechanical integrity, affecting their load-bearing capacity. Enhancing structural integrity is essential to ensure sufficient strength during bone healing, aligning the degradation rate with the physiological process. To reduce the fast degradation rate, extensive research has been conducted in mechanical and corrosion-based studies, focusing on altering the biomedical performance of Mg alloys through alloying elements, processing routes, and other strategies. One approach involves mixing pure magnesium with nutrient materials and reinforcing it with hydroxyapatite. These modifications aim to match the corrosion rate with the healing rate of bone tissue. This paper explores the significance of biodegradable Mg alloys, providing a comprehensive review of their evolution and development. It emphasises enhancing the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg alloys by adjusting the percentage of alloying elements, employing specific processing strategies, and incorporating reinforcements. The discussion particularly emphasizes the impact of nutrient elements, binary and ternary alloys, as well as hydroxyapatite composites of magnesium-based alloys in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging technologies like Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), offering a general perspective on improving the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg alloys for orthopaedic use.
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    Sustainable antifouling coating technologies for the maritime industry: An evolutionary overview
    (Progress in Organic Coatings | Elsevier, 2025-12-08) Chakraborty, Anirban ; Raja, C. Pradeep; Badhan, Sachin Kumar ; Sharma, Pankaj
    Biofouling of marine submerged structures due to the colonization of marine micro and macro-organisms continues to pose severe operational and ecological challenges. Traditional antifouling paints containing Tributyl Tin and Cybutryne were banned by the International Maritime Organization in 2008 and 2023 respectively due to their toxicity to marine ecosystem. Currently available antifouling paints fall into two broad categories: ablative or sloughing paints used for smaller vessels, and hard coat paints, such as vinyl and epoxy coatings, used for larger ships. Functionally, these coatings can be grouped into Foul release coatings, Protein resistant coatings, and the more recent Bioinspired coatings. This paper presents a consolidative review of modern antifouling coating technologies and their transition from conventional chemical formulations to advanced, biologically inspired and data-driven approaches. Eight major fabrication and surface engineering techniques, including deposition, templating, etching, electrostatic deposition, nanocomposite synthesis, additive manufacturing, micromachining, and self-assembly, have been discussed with reference to their antifouling mechanisms, benefits, and limitations. Special focus is given to laser-based micromachining methods, which enables precise modification of micro and nanoscale surface topographies. The review also explores the development of hybrid organic and inorganic coating systems, multifunctional and environmentally responsive materials, and the application of computational and machine learning tools for predictive design and accelerated testing of antifouling coatings. By combining these experimental and computational strategies, the study outlines a coherent direction for the creation of next generation coating systems that exhibit structural innovation, self-repairing capability, and intelligent performance. The paper concludes that collaborative research between laboratory scientists and the maritime industry will be essential for developing durable, effective, and environmentally sustainable antifouling solutions for future marine applications.
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    A comparative experimental study on the prediction of renewable oils properties using RGB and HSV image processing techniques
    (Petroleum Research | Science Direct, 2025-03-04) Kolakoti, Aditya
    In this study, renewable oil properties of Flash Point (0C), Fire Point (0C), Density (kg/m3), Cloud Point (0C), Pour Point (0C), and Viscosity (cST) are predicted using image processing techniques of Red Green Blue (RGB) and Hue Saturation Value (HSV). Eleven types of renewable oils are chosen for experimentation, and their surface images are captured with a high-resolution digital camera. For better accuracy, around 150 surface images are captured for each oil sample, and their average pixel data is extracted using RGB and HSV techniques. The digital pixel information (metadata) of all the oil samples is mapped to their experimental oil properties, and the accuracy of the developed metadata is validated with Fiji software due to its better image analysis and also complex data quantifying capabilities. The minimum, maximum, mean, mode and standard deviation results of RGB and HSV agree with Fiji. In addition, the developed dataset has been validated with Neural Network classification and TreeBagger algorithms. The results of TreeBagger reveal that the trained dataset is highly accurate (91.9% for RGB and 95.3% for HSV). Similarly, 95.6% (RGB) and 97.3% (HSV) accuracy is achieved for Neural Network classification. Finally, two new oil surface images are trained using the developed dataset. Both RGB and HSV accurately predict the oil properties. Therefore, it is evident that predicting the significant oil properties helps optimize the production process by reducing experimental costs and time.