Research Publications

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Aiming to achieve zero emissions from ships
(Marine Engineers Review (India), 2019-02) Hare, Ram Hare
The world is on the brink of collapse with increase in the carbon emission and melting polar ice caps. We are almost near extinction with the average temperature rise around 7⁰C till 2100. As mankind is driving towards future, there is more importance being given to green practices with changing government policies. Maritime sector has also developed various regulations and conventions to lower the emissions and new concept of “Zero Emissions”, was derived. Recent trends in shipping show a huge inclination towards stripping-off emissions to lowest values possible. We know that the standard fuel cycles are not much efficient even with the various improvisations made over. Fuel cells have proven to be efficient power sources over the last decade with maximum efficiency up to 82% which is almost twice of the standard engine cycles. There have been sincere efforts by automobile industries with hybrid vehicles coming into the picture, now it is time for hybrid vessels too. Vessels can be run using hydrogen power plants with an effective analysis of the total outcomes of using hydrogen as a fuel in terms of profits to the owner and also to the environment. Economic viability of any change is the most important consideration in the industry, inherent with all other requirements all standards and conventions can be abided which are mainly concerned to environment with almost least equipment onboard.
Alternate fuel
(National Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Shipping (NCESS), 21-22 December 2020, 2020-12-22) Hare, Ram Hare
As the world moves towards greener solutions for reduction in pollution by any source, the transportation industry will be greatly affected and hence major changes are taking place throughout. From automobiles, logistics, aviation and each and every machine in the supply chain is looking to cut down the emissions. Shipping contributes to 3% of the world’s total manmade carbon emissions. Around the world, air pollution is causing serious health problems and premature death, and local air pollution will be subject to tougher regulations over the coming years. Reducing emissions to air and introducing new propulsion technologies are key challenges for the worldwide transport sector, including shipping. The world’s future fleet will have to rely on a broader range of fuels, propulsion solutions and energy efficiency measures. All alternative fuel options have benefits and challenges. This guidance paper provides an introduction to alternative fuels and technology solutions. It includes an overview of selected alternative ship fuels – LNG, LPG, methanol, biofuel and hydrogen – as well as emerging technologies such as batteries, fuel cell systems and wind-assisted propulsion. The objectives of the paper are to provide decision support for investment in ships for the upcoming period. The paper focuses on technical parameters and limitations without accounting for local market conditions, considerations and incentive schemes which may have a significant impact on competitiveness and the uptake of alternative fuels and technologies. Marine fuel currently contributes approximately 3 per cent to global man-made CO2 emissions. Most seagoing ships are still using heavy fuel oil (HFO) or marine gas oil (MGO), with a maximum sulphur limit of 3.5 per cent (mass) in force for HFO and 0.1 per cent (mass) for low- sulphur MGO. Looking at the future with the IMO 2020 low-sulphur standards and upcoming CO2 emission regulation regime in mind, the share of conventional oil-based ship fuels will drop and the share of alternative fuels will grow. Prerequisites for introducing a new fuel include availability of sufficient production and distribution facilities as well as an adequate bunkering infrastructure. In addition, new fuels in many cases require extensive on- board modifications and a reversal to a conventional system is complex and costly.
Application of artificial intelligence (AI) on maritime sector
(Marine Engineers Review (India), 2018-10) Hare, Ram Hare; Ekbote, Sourav
Artificial intelligence has already taken up most of the space we live in today. Devices like mobile phone, safety & various other types of systems have taken up AI to alleviate their performance level and a sense of predictability. The digital era has brought around so many innovations that we can’t imagine living without. The digitalization has also extended to so many professional fields. Similarly, life at sea is also taking a dive into today’s modern technology with availability of internet onboard process of carrying out operations under greater supervision has become easier and connectivity is brought at ease. As modern-day trends spike up in the market with the continuously growing energy industry, owners are employing new efficient ways to enhance systems onboard. Following are some recent developments and future aspects.
Bibliometrics to Altmetrics and its impact on Social media
(International Journal of Scientific & Innovative Research Studies (IJSIRS), 2015-03) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
In the age of Web 2.0, individuals are strongly connected in the virtual worlds and form diverse online communities. Recently, the transmission of information in these online communities has gained much attention, partly because of the enormous popularity of online social networking sites and their potential marketing impact. The social media tools available on the internet assist the encouragement of science dramatically, and the change is happening in real time models. Expansion of World Wide Web and newer technologies has improved the ways in which science is communicated and its assessment techniques. The use of conventional metric tools judges the impact of scholarly publications using citation and download counts. They are broadly used to evaluate articles, authors, and disciplines on publishers' platforms. These tools analyze the citation data in normal course of time and make them available. A barrier to spreading of research is that it depends on the end-user searching for or ‘pulling’ relevant knowledge from the literature base. Social media instead ‘pushes’ relevant knowledge directly to the end-user, via blogs and sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The social media is very effective at improving and spreading seems well accepted, but, remarkably, there is no evidence to support this claim.
Big data technology: opportunities and challenges
(Journal of Library, Information and Communication Technology, 2016) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
The increasing volume of information captured by enterprises, upsurge of multimedia and social media, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is fueling exponential growth in Big Data analytics. Every day close to With the volume and variety of data expanding exponentially, organizations that are able to capture quintillion bytes of data is being created and according to IDC report on Digital Universe, from now until 2020, the digital universe will about double every two years. Big Data by itself is meaningless, unless it translates to or helps us drive relevant outcomes. With the volume and variety of data expanding exponentially, organizations that are able to capture and analyze it are bound to have a much higher competitive advantage over those that don't. But choosing how to go about using Big Data is a tough puzzle to crack. This paper deals with such opportunities and challenges of big Data. In this paper we have mentioned some open source tools and technologies to create, manipulate, and manage such 'Big Data'.
Blockchain technology in maritime domain
(Marine Engineers Review (India), 2020-04) Hare, Ram Hare; Ekbote, Sourav
Blockchain is a safer way to perform monetary transactions without any involvement of third parties in the process. Despite many technological advancements are constantly impacting just about every industry, the shipping industry relies heavily on the traditional methods. In todays world these methods are quite old fashioned and fail to prove efficient. Most shipping transactions involve a lot of documentation e.g. charter party agreements, sales contacts, bills of lading, etc. They pass through several hands as cargo makes its way from origin to its final destination and tracking of this paperwork would be a time-consuming task. In efforts to minimize these inefficient procedures, blockchain was introduced. Blockchain is a fundamental component of how the Bitcoin system works, and it has the potential to revolutionize shipping.
Challenges and opportunities of internet of things for library management
(National Conference on Next Generation Libraries: Issues and Challenges, 2015-03-22) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision of connectivity for anything, at anytime and anywhere, which may have a dramatic impact on our daily lives similar to the Internet done in past 10–20 years. It is recognized as an extension of today’s Internet to the real world of physical objects, which is often associated with such terms as “ambient intelligent,” “ubiquitous network,” and “cyberphysical system.” Its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in a number of important fields, ranging from fundamental microelectronic devices, sensor technologies to information and communication technologies (ICT). The Internet of Things has been called by many names. The idea is that objects can be connected through the internet in new ways. This happens when a combination of web-enabled devices (computers, phones, handhelds) and technology that can communicate with those devices (sensors, RFID, 2D and 3D barcodes) allows information to be attached to an object. The information can stand on its own and be read by a device or it can trigger an action such as bringing up a web page, playing a video, reminding pick up book, or giving a message to customer. This paper analyzes the key technology and working principle of IoT, its development in India and abroad, its application in the library development and management. The primary intent of this paper is to provide libraries an overview of IoT features and capabilities that can be used to develop online complex library solutions.
Cloud Computing for Library Resources and Services
(Journal of Library, Information and Communication Technology, 2013-06) Mishra, Anil Kumar
Cloud Computing is a new technology model for IT services which many business and organizations are adopting. It allows them to avoid locally hosting multiple servers and equipment and constantly dealing with hardware failure, software installs, upgrades and compatibility issues. Cloud computing can transform the way systems are built and services delivered, providing libraries with an opportunity to extend their impact. This article defines Cloud Computing and reveals how it is different and secure from other types of computing. The purpose of this article is to look specifically at how Cloud Computing can be employed by Libraries and what needs to be considered before moving into a Cloud Computing solution. It also discusses how Cloud Computing solutions could be beneficial to libraries in three basic areas: technology, data and community.
Digital Preservation of Electronic Resources: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
(International Conference on Digital libraries (ICDL 2013) from 27-29 November 2013 in New Delhi, India, 2013-11) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
Digital preservation is a broad term used to describe the continued accessibility and maintenance of digital resources and safeguarding these for the foreseeable and the distant future. Digital preservation is a vital part of the creation and management of any digital collection. Without the appropriate preservation a digital collection can easily become inaccessible and therefore useless in just a matter of a few years. A modern research library’s collection comprises of among other things, printed materials, online electronic resources, and locally developed digital library collections. Preservation of printed materials is not a big challenge for modern librarians but preserving and providing long-term access to digital collections is a thwarting process for librarians. Also, library users cannot take for granted the continued access to the online journals to which their libraries have subscriptions. This is because, libraries, for various reasons, can discontinue subscription to certain journal titles. Also, the publisher may discontinue any of the journals that they have been publishing. When such a situation arises, the library users will no longer be able to access the journals to which the library used to have subscription. To address such a situation, researchers at the Stanford University have developed a software tool called the LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe). This tool can help in facilitating preservation of bits and also provide continued access to such online resources. This paper provides a brief overview of the main issues in digital preservation, highlighting current research and standard efforts. It also looks into the aspects involved in the digital preservation and discusses some of the techniques required for digital preservation. It gives a bird’s eye view of various projects initiated for archiving digital content of scholarly journals.
Excellence in Library Services by using Mobile Technology
(Journal of Library Information and Communication Technology, 2015) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
Mobile phones and other handheld devices such as i-pads, smart phones, e-readers, tablets etc., are among such devices that are basically used for communication and performing multipurpose tasks such as voice communication, sending smses, taking snapshots/videos, storing phone numbers, playing music, voice recording etc., many are not even aware that these devices can also be used for seeking information from libraries. Public library has seen tremendous changes and evaluated from paper to electronic media. Proliferation of information in electronic media found great impact on libraries. Mobile Technology is one of the aspects of Electronic Media. The main objective of this paper is to focus on how mobile technology is being used in libraries as well as services provided through technology. In this quest, an attempt has been made here to bring out the meaning of mobile libraries, types of library services provided through mobile technology and glimpse of trends, developments & various projects undertaken by different leading libraries across the globe, especially in the developed countries and also the role of vendors in this regard. India’s position in this scenario is also seen. Also this paper is an attempt to understand how mobile technology is useful in improving and providing better library services.
IPR in India: strategies and challengies for digital content
(National Law University, Delhi Press, 2014) Mishra, Anil Kumar
Copyright infringement is a problem closely tied to technology. In most ways this is quite obvious. Since much of the copyright law was written with pre-digital technology in mind, artifacts of these assumptions continue in the law despite attempts to modernize it. This paper looks particularly at the relationship between technology and copyright enforcement and begins with the three key technology factors that matter to rights holders who want to earn money from their creative works: copying technology, distribution technology, and sales technology [8]. This paper covers the traditional intellectual property rights (IPR) laws and associated concepts from printed to digital works, and discusses how the characteristics of digital replication pose problems for traditional IPR systems. It provides some insight into the Indian software industry by discussing the scope of Indian copyright law, the rights of owner, infringement, penalties etc. Also the paper discuses the distinction between “public” infringers who make works available to others, either for free or for profit, and “private” infringers who are making a personal copy. The copyright law in most countries allows copying for private use, which makes most private infringement legal.
Knowledge access using CMS platform: development of CVRDE library portal
(International Journal of Scientific & Innovative Research Studies, 2014-11) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Muralidhar, S.; Sathiyamoorthy, K.
This paper discusses the development of dynamic library website, using Drupal – an open source Content Management System (CMS). A dynamic website offers library an opportunity to connect and interact with its patrons. The main purpose of this paper is to showcase steps involved in the development of Knowledge Resource Centre (KRC) Portal and to increase awareness among library professionals about the open source CMS and its benefits. It explains our experience of working with Drupal to enable other library professionals to evaluate its suitability to their environment. This paper will describe in brief the free and open source CMS – Drupal, characteristics, features, requirements, installation steps, and how it can be used for developing attractive and dynamic websites.
PKP and its open journal system: an initiative in open access scholarly environment
(National Conference on Library Information Science and Information Technology for Education, 2015) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
Commercial publishers are increasing the subscription prices of journals, the libraries attached touniversities, colleges and R&D institutions are finding it very difficult to subscribe the core journals to cater tothe knowledge requirements of their stakeholders. The Open Journal System helps us to publish and manage theentire publishing process of a journal; the Academic institutions can do this without any additional funding.This paper describes about an initiative; started by the Public Knowledge Project
Relevance of Information Technology in Knowledge Management
(INFOLIB, 2010) Mishra, Anil Kumar
Knowledge management has been recognized as a one of the most important assets of organizations. It also plays a crucial role in avoiding the organization in a calamitous position of being with the wrong product and services, at the wrong time and in the wrong place.
Repository on maternal child health: health portal to improve access to information on maternal child health in India
(BMC Public Health, 2013-01) Khanna, Rajesh; Karikalan, N.; Mishra, Anil Kumar
Background Quality and essential health information is considered one of the most cost-effective interventions to improve health for a developing country. Healthcare portals have revolutionalized access to health information and knowledge using the Internet and related technologies, but their usage is far from satisfactory in India. This article describes a health portal developed in India aimed at providing one-stop access to efficiently search, organize and share maternal child health information relevant from public health perspective in the country. Methods The portal ‘Repository on Maternal Child Health’ was developed using an open source content management system and standardized processes were followed for collection, selection, categorization and presentation of resource materials. Its usage is evaluated using key performance indicators obtained from Google Analytics, and quality assessed using a standardized checklist of knowledge management. The results are discussed in relation to improving quality and access to health information. Results The portal was launched in July 2010 and provides free access to full-text of 900 resource materials categorized under specific topics and themes. During the subsequent 18 months, 52,798 visits were registered from 174 countries across the world, and more than three-fourth visits were from India alone. Nearly 44,000 unique visitors visited the website and spent an average time of 4 minutes 26 seconds. The overall bounce rate was 27.6%. An increase in the number of unique visitors was found to be significantly associated with an increase in the average time on site (p-value 0.01), increase in the web traffic through search engines (p-value 0.00), and decrease in the bounce rate (p-value 0.03). There was a high degree of agreement between the two experts regarding quality assessment carried out under the three domains of knowledge access, knowledge creation and knowledge transfer (Kappa statistic 0.72). Conclusions Efficient management of health information is imperative for informed decision making, and digital repositories have now-a-days become the preferred source of information management. The growing popularity of the portal indicates the potential of such initiatives in improving access to quality and essential health information in India. There is a need to develop similar mechanisms for other health domains and interlink them to facilitate access to a variety of health information from a single platform.
RFID technology for identification, security and document handling in library
(National Conference on Library Information Science and Information Technology for Education, 2015) Mishra, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Satish
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the automatic identification and tracking. It is a technology that uses the radio waves for transferring data from an electronic tag called as RFID tag. Library RFID systems are composed of tags, readers and middleware software. The systems rely heavily on the Integrated Library Management System (ILMS). Tags are placed inside library documents. The readers are placed at staff workstations and self-check machines and built into security gates. The readers read the information on the tag and pass the information to the ILMS. RFID is a powerful technology that can change how libraries deal with physical as well as digital technologies to offer new services.
The triple zero positive appliance: exhaust gas thermo electric generator (TEG) for green environment
(Marine Engineers Review (India), 2022) Hare, Ram Hare; Ravichandra, P.
Exhaust/Flue gases from the main engine on board ship possess significant thermal energy. The energy, if recovered, can be utilized to generate substantial amount of power. Heat recovery by using a heat exchanger results in additional pressure drop and is not preferred. An alternate way is to analyse a vertically fitted Thermoelectric generator (TEG) in the exhaust pathway of a vessel for power generation. TEG’s work on the principle of Seebeck effect in which due to temperature gradient between two electrically conductive metals / alloys/ semiconductors, flow of electrons take place which generate electricity. The TEGs in conjunction with the main can be used at immediate machinery exhaust (Incinerators, boilers etc.) which will act as if two generators are acting in series (Thury system of connection) and additional output can be expected. The output power can be used to power low energy requirement applications such as electric control panels of a machinery, panels in engine control room (ECR) which will make it self-sustaining at running hours, various sensors which require micro/milli amperes of current and many other devices. The energy can also be stored in batteries for battery powered operations. This in turn will reduce the o/p demand of the generator by significant extent thus saving fuel for running the generator. This one-time investment in the installation of this system of electricity generation has minimal maintenance, zero emissions which makes its environment friendly which is the need of hour.