Research Publications

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A Coordinated Control Strategy for a Diesel-Electric Tugboat System for Improved Fuel Economy
(IEEE, 2020-07-21) Upadhyayula, Ramesh Srinivas
Recent growth in seaborne trade has increased the tugboat operation cycle to maneuver incoming marine vessels at port. To meet the tugboat load demand for maneuvering, multiple power sources are being employed on-board. This necessitates a coordinated control strategy for the effective operation of these multiple power sources. To design an effective coordinated control strategy, this article initially estimates multiple power sources capacities (doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) and battery storage system) for a diesel-electric tugboat system based on a real-time tugboat operation cycle obtained from Visakhapatnam port, India. With respect to these multiple power sources, a coordinated control strategy for a better fuel efficiency is proposed based on a state machine control algorithm. The proposed control strategy operates a variable speed diesel-electric generator (diesel engine coupled DFIM) at a minimum specific fuel consumption value and battery based on its state of charge. To show the efficacy of the proposed variable speed diesel-electric system, fuel consumption is computed, which resulted in 26.42% of saving in comparison with a traditionally used diesel-mechanical tugboat. To evaluate the real-time system (2 MW DFIM + 150 kWh battery), MATLAB/Simulink tool is used and an experimental demonstration is performed on a laboratory prototype.
A Marketing Strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises
(Elsevier, 2013-01-01) Yadav, Ramanand
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), in Indian context, constitutes of a larger share of GDP, GNP, employment potential and occupation of masses. These enterprises have left remarkable spot on the every field of Indian economy, but, in overall, they are far behind their larger counterparts in other parts of the economy. With representing largest share of industrial activities, SMEs are heterogeneous in nature. The paper highlights that marketing strategy for SMEs is necessary, which can be developed by developing a suitable business environment. The author also elaborated that business environment in Indian SMEs is not conducive and needed training, proactiveness, favourable tax structure, reformed labour laws and sufficiency of infrastructure facilities. In addition to this, it is also emphasized that these enterprises can enhance their business environment by adopting certain financial and non-financial measures. This paper is also structured with an objective to provide a framework to help SMEs to design suitable strategies to face effective and enhancing competitiveness.
A Roadmap for Implementing Total Quality Management Practices in Medium Enterprises /
(Elsevier, 2013-01-01) Yadav, Ramanand
This paper describes a seven point framework for effective total quality management (TQM) implementation in medium enterprises (MEs). This framework shows that top management commitment and involvement is indispensable in the formulation and implementation of various quality adoption steps. The significant steps of the framework include development of mission and vision statement, formulating implementation plan, ensuring employee involvement, establishing education and training programs and starting implementation phase. At the last, continuous improvement is required to maintain the implementation effort for excellence orientation. The primary objective of this study was to prescribe a roadmap for TQM practicing MEs to adopt excellent quality practices in a simplified way. The author also tried to highlight the theoretical background while emphasizing the importance of steps of quality improvement practices. The idea behind taking MEs for adopting TQM practices is that the characteristics of MEs are most suited for it. However, TQM is a modern quality management practice which can be applied successfully to any type of enterprises, irrespective of their affiliation.
A single measure of overall export performance /
(National Council of Applied Economic Research, 2022-08-01) Chakrabartty, Satyendra Nath
Exports are a lifeline to a country’s growth, and an overall index can describe its export performance. However, there is little evidence of a single measure encompassing all the relevant aspects of exports. A composite and multi-dimensional measure can aid in assessing the relative position of a country in the world list and identifies necessary policy interventions. The article proposes an Overall Export Performance Index that satisfies the principles of index formation—monotonicity, time reversal, robustness and an unbiased approach. The proposed index avoids selecting weights and scaling variables. It facilitates the identification of crucial indicators requiring the attention of policymakers, tracking the progress of a country across time and the computing of mean and variance of the index for a group of countries at a given time. An empirical comparison of the USA and India reveals that India registered better overall export performance than the USA from 2015 to 2018. The results suggest India’s need for reforms in existing foreign trade policies.
An investigation into battery modelling for electric vehicles and applications for electric power systems /
(IEEE, 2022-03-29) Bhuvaneswari, R.
A system for battery management is vital in reliable and safe battery operation. They are being extensively applied in high power applications, hybrid electric vehicles, and many more arenas to ensure intermittent power supply. The paper aims at providing a detailed study of the different batteries available in the market and their efficacy when exposed to different environments. The main parameters taken into consideration are the service life, nominal voltage, charging and discharging rates, and temperatures. Firstly, types of battery modeling are studied comprehensively followed by various batteries used in the industry for EVs and Power system applications. Various battery models such as electrical, thermal, and coupled electrothermal model are discussed. Subsequently, the battery condition estimates for the charging state, health estimation, and internal temperature are extensively studied. Then, the major types of battery modeling along with traditional battery charging and optimization techniques are presented with necessary equations and simulation proofs. The practical results implemented are also presented for reference.
Analysis of transient performance for DFIG wind turbines under the open switch faults /
(IEEE, 2010-12-01) Das, M. K.
The fast development of grid-integrated wind power introduces new requirements for the operation and control of power networks. In order to maintain the reliability of a host power grid, it is preferred that the grid-connected wind turbine should restore its normal operation with minimized power losses in events of grid fault. This paper presents the results for the transient performance of a 2MW doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), a type of variable-speed wind turbine. The paper concentrates on transient performance of the said generator technology under open-switch grid faults. The simulation was performed using MATLAB - Simulink software. The results obtained have shown that the control schemes employed for the DFIG wind turbines played an effective role in the restoration of the normal operation for the wind turbine in response to grid faults. The results for both during and after the grid fault will be discussed in this paper.
Angular similarity in test parameters /
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021-01-01) Chakrabartty, Satyendra Nath
Through N-dimensional person space, the article gives measures of test parameters and item statistics, including difficulty/discriminating value of test, correlations between a pair of items, and item-total correlations with binary items using angular similarity between two vectors. Relationships between difficulty value and discriminating value of items and test were derived, including relationship between test reliability and test discriminating value. Reliability of a test as per theoretical definition in terms of length of score vectors of two parallel subtests and angle between such vectors was derived. The method was extended to find reliability of a battery of tests. Reliability and discriminating value of a Likert-type item and scale was found in terms of angular similarity without involving assumptions of continuous nature or linearity or normality for the observed variables, or the underlying variable being measured. The proposed methods also avoid test of unidimensionality or assumption of normality or bivariate normality associated with the polychoric correlations. Thus, the proposed methods are in fact nonparametric and considered as improvement over the existing ones. Reliability as a measure of association of two vectors and discrimination as a measure of distance between the vectors are likely to show a negative relationship.
Annular ring microstrip antenna for body-worn applications /
(IEEE, 2010-12-01) Chakraborty, Samik
The concept of being connected anywhere and everywhere is the main driving force for developing and researching the potential Wireless Body Area Networks operated in WLAN and HiperLAN bands. This paper presents design, development and evaluation of a fully fabric annular ring microstrip antenna suitable for wearable applications in WLAN band. Both simulated and experimental results on the performance characteristics of this antenna are presented.
Antifouling paint schemes for green SHIPS
(Elsevier, 2019-01-09) Joshi, M.; Misra, S.C.; Ramesh, U.S.
Recent advances in antifouling (AF) paints in general prevent fouling in about 95% of the vessel's immersed surface. However the remaining area which amounts to 5% or less of the total area does get fouled. Although this level of fouling has marginal impact on the routine performance of the vessel it is a predominant vector for the transmigration of invasive species which is now a serious environmental concern. Virtually all ocean going vessels are coated with antifouling paints predominant among them are “Self polishing coatings”. CFD analysis conducted on various types of vessels have indicated that there are certain “hotspots” where the polishing rates are exceedingly high and would polish the AF paints at a much faster rate and ultimately result in the failure of the AF coating. A possible solution to this issue is to first identify these hotspots and suitable paint schemes/formulations are to be applied in such areas. An experimental procedure utilizing a “drum-test” apparatus can be used to compute the coating thicknesses based on wall shear stresses. Such painting schemes would prevent the premature failure of the AF coating in general and significantly reduce the risk of transmigration of invasive species in particular.
Assessing a country's sector-specific logistics performance: the case of india's marine-product sector /
(Penerbit UMT, 2022-12-30) Chakrabartty, Satyendra Nath
Country-wise Logistics Performance Index (LPI) is insufficient to guide changing policies for different sectors with varied logistics requirements and perspectives. Each perspective has various measures, and hence a battery of scales is mandated to measure the performance for an individual sector like marine, agriculture, and similar. For the marine-product sector of India, scores are transformed and combined to follow normal distributions enabling parametric analysis. A method of sector-specific logistics performance index (LPI-S) is proposed addressing multi-dimensional, multi-scale response categories satisfying the desired properties of an index. An empirical illustration is given to assess LPI-S for the marine-product sector in India, combining responses of 141 Indian marine exporters in a battery with nine dimensions. The proposed method generates continuous, monotonic data, and distributions of dimension/battery scores are normal. The LPI-S scores have better arithmetic aggregation admissibility, even if lengths of dimensions are different. In addition, it identifies critical dimensions, detects changes by longitudinal data, and dimension-wise elasticity reflecting the sensitivity of the dimension from snap-shot data. Irrespective of dimensions and types of data, the proposed methodology uses the sensitivity of a dimension on LPI-S to help policy makings separately for individual categories to improve logistics efficiency. The study identified eight crucial dimensions associated with marine product logistics. The sensitivity of these dimensions in the descending order of importance were - Information system, Regulatory process, Safety & Security issues, Timeliness and Completeness efficiency, Sustainability in logistics, Operating conditions, Logistics facility pricing, Quality of Logistic services, Transportation Networks and Logistics infrastructure. Such ordering of dimensions help in deciding policy priorities.
Assessing direction of indiaâ€™s exports: a dynamic framework /
(ASEAN India Centre & ASEAN Studies Center, 2024-02-25) Chakrabartty, Satyendra Nath
Decision on trade policies with emphasis on bilateral trade relationships needs knowledge about the direction of exports of the exporting country along with associated changes like degree of specialisation, etc. The direction of export for a product or sector can be taken as a set consisting of destination countries (DCs) and corresponding export potentiality. The set reflects the direction, composition and value of trade potentials and helps to decide export-boosting measures of several sectors, focusing on a country. The paper suggests the use of ratio and geometrically aggregated revealed comparative advantage (RCA) values for individual and combined sector growth (positive or negative), respectively. This approach overcomes the static properties of RCA and shift-share analysis typically used to reveal the patterns of trade direction. The pattern is investigated by geometric aggregation of ratios of RCA at the current period over the base period for each sector. The index follows log-normal distribution and shows fluctuations of RCA for a product/sector across time. Such curves of fluctuations for different countries may facilitate meaningful inter-country comparisons. Second, this paper suggests the use of bilateral RCA to determine the direction of India’s exports for a particular sector, enabling the determination of its potential markets.
Association between multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular dysfunction /
(Crimson Publishers, 2023-04-28) Chakrabartty, Satyendra Nath
Background: Empirical studies indicate association of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with increased risks of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). However, controversial results emerged. Objectives: To measure the association between MS and CVD using pathological data and scales to assess s MS and CVD. Methods: The paper provides an assumption-free method to convert item scores to normally distributed scale scores, avoiding limitations of scales to assess MS or CVD satisfying desired properties. Binary and categorical pathological data may also be transformed to follow normal and data in ratio scale may be standardized followed by transformation and added with scale scores. Result: Association through contingency table need meaningful scale scores to obtain the cell frequencies. Proposed scores can classify the sample in relevant classes through equivalent scores and find cell frequencies. Associations by correlations are preferred over frequency based measures. However, correlations may not imply linearity. Conclusion: Normally distributed proposed scores ensure meaningful addition of item scores to get dimension/scale scores for individuals and contribute to improve scoring of instruments. Such scores facilitate better comparisons, measurement of association, statistical tests and identification of areas requiring changes in clinical practice, treatment protocols, community program management and estimating population parameters and testing of statistical hypothesis.
Awareness & knowledge on hiv/aids among unmarried women aged 15-24 years in Karnataka and Odisha states of India - a comparative study
(Desh Vikas, 2017-09) Ravichandran, N.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final and most serious stage of HIV disease, which caused severe damage to the immune system. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The virus attacks the immune system and leaves the body vulnerable to a variety of life-threatening infections and cancers. The virus can be transmitted through a) sexual contact, b) through blood and c) from mother to child. India has a huge population (1.2 Billion) and 2.1 million people are living with HIV. It is important to create awareness among the women particularly in young age group on safe sex and to reduce the chance of acquiring or spreading HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Unmarried women in the age group of 15-24 are the most vulnerable groups whose tastes and preferences, attitude and behaviors always involve certain amount of risk. The study involves comparison of awareness, knowledge and misconception of unmarried women in the age group of 15-24 years of Karnataka and Odisha states. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has also challenged traditional cultural boundaries. The information included awareness, knowledge, misconception and Family Life Education. Karnataka and Odisha states in India were having different parameters have compared and analyzed in this study. It is of general opinion that female are found to be more vulnerable to infect HIV/AIDS than males, because they have a lack of awareness than the male. Education is the main source of awareness and knowledge which is lacking in both rural and urban areas of Odisha. It is observed that there is better correlation between education and awareness level in the state of Karnataka than Odisha.
Biophysical responses to tropical cyclone Hudhud over the Bay of Bengal /
(Taylor & Francis, 2019-11-04) Patnaik, K. V. K. R. K.
Cyclone Hudhud originated in the Andaman Sea on 6 October 2014. Later, it intensified into a cyclonic storm on 8 October and eventually made landfall at Visakhapatnam on 12 October as a very severe cyclonic storm. It was intensified off of Visakhapatnam by high stratified waters with a thick barrier layer that held significant heat content. In this study, we analysed the data along the cyclone track using a combination of satellite, in-situ Argo and Bio-Argo data to assess the upper oceanic changes along the Hudhud track. Notable changes were detected in the upper ocean due to its extreme intensification and prior passage through cold-core eddies. A high translation speed and persistent stratification dominated the effects caused by the cold-core eddies on the intensification of the cyclone and the same was attributed to the upwelled subsurface chlorophyll maxima. The biophysical changes in the top 150 m layer derived from Argo floats were in good agreement with the satellite and model data. Further, it was observed that the increase in lightning flash rates also influenced surface productivity during the cyclone. Subsequent to the passage of the cyclone, the ocean took two weeks to achieve its original state.
Cascade block cipher using braiding/entanglement of spin matrices and bit rotation /
(CERN, 2016-03-31) Sirisha, P.
Secure communication of the sensitive information in disguised form to the genuine recipient so that an intended recipient alone can remove the disguise and recover the original message is the essence of Cryptography. Encrypting the message two or more times with different encryption techniques and with different keys increases the security levels than the single encryption. A cascade cipher is stronger than the first component. This paper presents multiple encryption schemes using different encryption techniques Braiding/Entanglement of Pauli Spin 3/2 matrices and Rotation of the bits with independent secret keys.
Cascade Block Cipher Using Braiding/Entanglement of Spin Matrices and Bit Rotation /
(IJNSA, 2016-03-30) Sirisha, P.
Secure communication of the sensitive information in disguised form to the genuine recipient so that an intended recipient alone can remove the disguise and recover the original message is the essence of Cryptography. Encrypting the message two or more times with different encryption techniques and with different keys increases the security levels than the single encryption. A cascade cipher is stronger than the first component. This paper presents multiple encryption schemes using different encryption techniques Braiding/Entanglement of Pauli Spin 3/2 matrices and Rotation of the bits with independent secret keys.
Child health care – a case study in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 2019-01) Ravichandran, N.
Children are future society of the world and it is necessary to give importance to their health. Care should be taken to the mother and child health, and the children up to the age of five years in which most of the children prone to many diseases like diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, jaundice, pneumonia, chicken pox, measles etc. The children are prone to these diseases due to malnutrition and lack of proper immunization. This is basically lack of awareness among the illiterate, ignorance of the village population and few people not taking seriously. Preschool children below five years are vulnerable group of the population and their nutritional status is considered to be a sensitive indicator of health and nutrition. Each year, millions of women, new-borns and children die from preventable causes. While the interventions that could save their lives are widely known, they are often not available to those most in need. Government of India proclaimed a National Policy on Children in August 1974 declaring children as, "supremely important asset". The policy provided the required framework for assigning priority to different needs of the child. The programme of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched in 1975 seeking to provide an integrated package of services in a convergent manner for the holistic development of the child. "Understanding how diseases are spread and how to reduce the risks of fresh infection are essential if children are to be cared for safely and healthily. Knowledge of preventive measures and childhood immunization schedule is also important in order to save children from diseases. Data obtained from RCH-2 was used for the study purpose. The data was filtered and analyzed. The statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) tool was used for analysis of data. The total women of 731 in the age group of 15-44 and the children in the age group of 0-6 years were 242 in the study area of the district. Immunization of the children is a very important component of the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) started by the Government of India in 1985-86. To understand the coverage of immunization, data of all those children who were twelve months and above and born since 1st January 1999 to the time of survey were collected. As recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) breast feeding should be initiated immediately after birth and should be continued exclusively up to four months. The WHO also suggests that the yellowish milk, known as colostrum’s, should be given to the baby because it provides protection against certain infections. Children age 6-24 months is most vulnerable to anemia and it can result in impaired cognitive performance, behavioral and motor development, co-ordination, language development and scholastic achievement, besides increasing morbidity from infectious diseases. Anemia among pregnant women results in increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. The Antenatal check-ups are necessary during the pregnancy of a woman. The mother and children’s health of the district will be vital and valuable source of information for making further improvements in child health policies and programmes. Government, Health organization, NGO’s and anganwadi workers should create more awareness and treatment practices on childhood diseases among pregnant women, mothers and children to reduce the mortality rate in the district
Composite material selection for structural applications using wpm method /
(REST Publisher, 2022-12-01) Subramani, Chandran
Genetically Enhanced Neural Network System (GONNS) Proposed as a selection-making tool. Many neural networks represent the traits of the machine after a training method and Genetic algorithms stumble on best operating situations. In many packages, together with material selection in engineering, specialists evaluate diverse alternatives, The records were calculated to decide the proportion of the 2 strategies in estimating the scores, from which strategies of accuracy and espresso blunders prices had been received. To discover the proper one for each technique, create a rating of trainees who’ve obtained an internship application in a particular phase of the company. This From the constraints, it was important to evaluate the services within the computer faculties in the Poly Digital Library, therefore making tips for service enhancements. Although the rules to follow aren’t usually nicely documented, their final desire is typically correct and their predictions are reasonable. In principle, the evaluator is the one who collects complete and accurate records about the coverage in a selected product / challenge / provider / evaluate from the evaluator, is the analytical process. Therefore, it could be used as an advice in decision making. Evaluation is statistics approximately gathering, reading and dispensing particular fabric. Computer studying manage Provides suitable capability although the optimization method is used to deliver the final result, the professional opinion will inevitably reduce the number of options, so that it will be examined very cautiously. The rank of PSF1, PSF 2, PSF 3, VSF 1, VSF 2, VSF 3. The PSF 1 is on the 1 rank, The VSF 3 is on the 2ndrank, The PSF 2 is on the 3rd rank, The VSF 1 is on 4th rank, The PSF 3 is on the 5th rank and also VSF 2 is on the last rank.
Constructing aggregated revealed comparative advantage index of a country /
(ASEAN-India Centre & ASEAN Studies Center, 2023-02-12) Chakrabartty, Satyendra Nath
The measures of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) with multiplicative specification and dependency on world trade of export items are incomparable across time and places. Intra-country comparisons by Balassa RCA and its variants are problematic, calling for a method of aggregating RCA of all sectors of a country reflecting the overall export potential of the country. Overall RCA of a country (RCA) is necessary to know the country’s RCA of all the export items as a function of trade flows relative to a point of reference, that is, a base period. The article proposes geometric aggregation of the ratio of RCA at the current period over the base period for each sector to get by a continuous, monotonically increasing function of time, satisfying time-reversal test, formation of chain indices and generates time-series data. Progress path of and similar path of jth sector may help policymakers to decide on appropriate action for the economy and individual sectors. Distribution of will approach lognormal. Knowledge of distributions of for different countries helps to have a better inter-country comparison. The similarity of two RCA curves may be evaluated by similarity measures. An empirical illustration of the proposed method is given.
Control strategy for fuel saving in asynchronous generator driven electric tugboats /
(IEEE, 2016-01-01) Ramesh, U. S.
Usually electric tugboats are equipped with diesel engine based electric generator for power production, battery for supplying power to auxiliary loads and electric motors for propulsion. This paper proposes control strategies for diesel engine and electric generators used in electric tugboat to improve energy efficiency of the system. Doubly fed induction machine (DFIM), asynchronous in nature, is considered in this research which serves as generator (power production). The speed of diesel engine is controlled in accordance with the power demanded by the tug. Output voltage and frequency of generator during sub-synchronous operation are regulated by controlling its rotor current with the help of power electronic convertors. Comparison of fuel consumption at fixed and variable speeds of operation is performed. From the test results, it is observed that the variable speed operation of diesel generator offers significant reduction in fuel consumption.