Research Publications

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A Diagnostic Approach for Cost Minimization and Profit Maximization between User Agencies and The Service Providers in Indian Ports /
(Zenodo, 2018-07-05) Swaminathan, B.
The objective of the paper is how to reduce the cost of port services to the users of the port without affecting its profitability. They range from service quality and value for money to investment returns and economic efficiency. The rationale behind the port costing is that it enables port management to control costs and operations and allocate resources efficiently. In spite of this, one of the major setbacks that Industry has been facing is the cost of doing business which is highest compared with the rest of the world. Cost minimization is the task to reduce costs by consuming resources more efficiently. Ports ultimately want to reduce costs and increase production. The question they must answer is, how to accomplish this task?
A Mathematical Model for Scheduling a Batch Processing Machine with Multiple Incompatible Job Families, Non-identical Job dimensions, Non-identical Job sizes, Non-agreeable release times and due dates /
(IOP Publishing, 2013-06-06) Ramasubramaniam, M
The paper addresses the problem scheduling a batch processing machine with multiple incompatible job families, non-identical job dimensions, non-identical job sizes and non-agreeable release dates to minimize makespan. The research problem is solved by proposing a mixed integer programming model that appropriately takes into account the parameters considered in the problem. The proposed is validated using a numerical example. The experiment conducted show that the model can pose significant difficulties in solving the large scale instances. The paper concludes by giving the scope for future work and some alternative approaches one can use for solving these class of problems.
A Study on health awareness among undergraduate maritime cadets in India
(Proceedings of First Maritime International Conference (MARINCO 2019), 2019) Ganesan, Velayutham; Siva Durga Prasad, J.; Sreenivasa Varma, Y.
Health awareness is a comprehensive understanding of the health of an individual. The primary determinants of health in any setting include social and economic environment, physical environment, and individual characteristics and behaviours of the person. Health awareness is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health. Seafaring being a job primarily requiring a tough physical and mental constitution, health awareness is essential to identify and understand the impact of various health and safety risk determinants. Like in the general population, there has been a paradigm shift in the history of health concerns of the seafarers from earlier nutritional and communicable diseases to present focus on non- communicable diseases and occupational health risks. The seafarers are required to be adequately informed about the physical, mental and health hazards present in the maritime domain and the known risks in the occupation to fully prepare themselves for healthy life and adaptation to the environment.
AI-Enabled Circular Economy Management for Sustainable Smart Cities: Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Resource Optimization and Waste Reduction
(Smart Cities and Circular Economy: The Future of Sustainable Urban Development, 2024) Malla Jogarao; B. C. Lakshmanna; S. T. Naidu
As the global community increasingly directs its attention towards sustainable urban development, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into circular economy (CE) management within smart cities has become a potent strategy. This study aims to examine the potential influence of AI-based technologies on optimizing resources and minimizing waste, which constitute critical components of the principles underpinning the CE. The focus is mainly on applying these technologies within smart city environments. Artificial Intelligence can significantly enhance the processes of gathering, analyzing and decision-making by integrating internet of things (IoT) sensors, data analytics, machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics. This chapter explores the potential of AI in predicting trends, optimizing circular supply chains, improving waste management and recycling practices, facilitating sustainable product design, fostering citizen engagement and aiding policy development. The current research presents a comprehensive examination of the interrelated connection between the principles of CE and the advanced technology of AI. Doing so contributes significantly to our holistic comprehension of how these advancements might collectively influence the development of a more sustainable and resilient future for urban populations.
Analysing volatility spillovers between grain and freight markets
(Scientific Journal of Maritime Research, 2020-11) Bangar Raju, Totakura.; Bavise, Ayush; Chauhan, Pradeep.; Ramalingeswara Rao, B. V.
The International Grain Council (IGC) circulates two price indices which are the Grain and Oilseeds Index (GOI) and the Grain and Oilseeds Freight Market Index (GOFI). These two indices indicate the respective market prices. The GOI markets are affected by various factors like supply and demand, weather, freight markets, etc. This research article attempts to explore and analyse volatility in GOI and GOFI markets using various GARCH family models, that is Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) analysis. The multivariate Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model (DCC GARCH) is used to find the spillovers between the two markets and thereby explore the effect of GOFI on GOI markets from the year 2013. The research article consists of four sections after introducing the subject namely a literature review, research methodology and models, analysis and conclusions of the study.
Comparative profit performance analysis of IPOs among top five issuing sectors in India
(International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 2023-02) Sanjeevi, P.
Initial Public offer (IPO) is a process through which an unlisted company can be listed to a Stock exchange by offering its securities to the public. IPO may be for expansion of existing activities of the company or setting up of new projects or just to get its existing equity shares listed by diluting the stake of existing equity shareholders through offer for sale or any other object as may be specified by the Company in its offer document. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the comparative profit performance analysis of IPOs among top five sectors in Indian stock markets. It examines listing day performance of IPOs, post-listing aftermarket performance of IPOs, current-price of IPOs in the Indian stock market. This study is based on secondary data collected from stock reports of Indian Stock Markets for the study period i.e., 2012-13 to 2020-21. Profit Ratios, t-test, correlation analysis has been used to analyze the present data. The study suggested that once the stock goes public, there's a good chance you won't initially make money. IPOs generates higher returns on investments of companies and investors.
Crossing the rubicon*: addressing the issue of maritime debris in indian ocean
(Journal of Indian Ocean Studies, 2024-10-06) Jayan, P. A.
The marine litter constitute one of the key concerns and issues facing the seafaring countries around the world. In the maritime eco system, the living and nonliving assets of any ocean occupies a significant role. Maritime litters or debris is extremely harmful to the marine environment. It affects the marine ecosystem, people and economy of a nation. In addition, it contributes to the impact to marine wildlife. Marine debris has been documented by Gall and Thompson to influence more than 700 species, from coastal vegetation, to plankton, invertebrates, fish, cetaceans, sea turtles and seabirds. When it comes to the Indian Ocean, it is rich in natural resources.
Digital disruption in major ports with special reference to chennai port, kamarajar port, and tuticorin port /
(Springer Nature, 2023-01-01) Kumar, S. Tarun; Sekar, M.
Digitalization is the new buzzword in port environments and has become the top priority for all major ports in India. The main motivators for this ambitious strategy are the financial profits that come along, increased trade volumes, and attracting new customers. In this context, many ports are endeavoring to employ cutting-edge technologies and improve port’s efficiency. The article aims to evaluate the pre- and post-port performances after implementation of EDI and partial automation. The researcher has used secondary data from the period 2010 to 2021. Later, this data was used to develop efficiency indices like—operating surplus per employee, operating surplus per vessel, and operating surplus per 000’ tons. These indices gaged and compared the port’s performances. It was found that adopting digital technologies positively impacts port’s economics and improves its efficiency. The author used secondary data due to paucity of time. Likewise, data for the year 2021–2022 was excluded from the study as it was only partly available.
Divided we stand and united we fall? a case of disruptive strategy at Haven Healthcare - a joint endeavour by Amazon, Hathaway, and JP Morgan Chase
(Indian Maritime University, 2022-02-16) Lekha Ravi
One of USA's most talked about health insurance ventures, Haven - the health-care venture backed by business giants- Amazon.com Inc, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and JP Morgan Chase & Co found itself in controversy when its CEO, Atul Gawande announced in May 2020 that he was stepping down. Bloomberg news service reported that Gawande's move from the CEO role was the third top management change at Haven. Experts say precious little of all that was promised by its famous founders, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffett and Jamie Dimon had essentially materialised. Speculations were rife that that the entire venture would be shelved. On January 4, 2021, Haven announced through its website on a single page that stated it will 'end its independent operations at the end of February 2021'. What went wrong? Did the celebrated leadership fail to deliver or was there a flaw in the company's vision? Was the vision statement well and truly illustrative of the three legacy corporate leaders? Was the intended disruption of the US Healthcare sector not a well-thought out one?
Does repayment indicate the success of micro-finance programme
(Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2006) Mathew, Emil.
This paper examines the patterns of loan utilisation and repayment among microfinance group members of Wayanad district of Kerala. It argues that 100 per cent repayment by members need not always indicate the success of group lending. As majority of the members have not undertaken income generating activities, the fear of social sanction and repeated interactions put pressure on them to depend on micro-finance loans at the time of repayment. The absence of alternative credit sources increases the financial dependence of the members over a period of their stay in micro-finance programme.
Efficiency measurement at major ports of india during the years 2013-14 to 2018-19: a comparison of results obtained from dea model and dea with shannon entropy technique /
(Springer Nature, 2023-01-01) Prakash, N. Bhanu
This paper measured the efficiency at selected container terminals in major ports of India during the period 2013–14 to 2018–19. Ports have proven to be a key node in growth of foreign trade and economic development. With growing containerization, shippers across the world are looking to container terminals that perform at better levels of efficiency and ensure greater cargo throughput. Terminals that operate with proven and consistent efficiency are preferred destinations for shippers. With growing dynamics in the maritime sector, numerous efficiency measurement techniques are evolving that are used by researchers. DEA has been a popular technique to measure efficiency of economic entities and numerous studies using these techniques have measured efficiencies of world ports. However, DEA technique is constrained by the possible number of variables to be selected against the number of decision making units (DMUs). Shannon entropy technique has proved to overcome this constraint in efficiency measurement. Therefore, this study has applied both DEA and Shannon entropy techniques and measured efficiencies of selected container terminals and found that the latter technique can overcome the constraint posed by DEA.
Efficiency Measurement at Major Ports of India During the Years 2013â€“14 to 2018â€“19: A Comparison of Results Obtained from DEA Model and DEA with Shannon Entropy Technique
(Springer Nature, 2023-01-01) Prakash, N. Bhanu
This paper measured the efficiency at selected container terminals in major ports of India during the period 2013–14 to 2018–19. Ports have proven to be a key node in growth of foreign trade and economic development. With growing containerization, shippers across the world are looking to container terminals that perform at better levels of efficiency and ensure greater cargo throughput. Terminals that operate with proven and consistent efficiency are preferred destinations for shippers. With growing dynamics in the maritime sector, numerous efficiency measurement techniques are evolving that are used by researchers. DEA has been a popular technique to measure efficiency of economic entities and numerous studies using these techniques have measured efficiencies of world ports. However, DEA technique is constrained by the possible number of variables to be selected against the number of decision making units (DMUs). Shannon entropy technique has proved to overcome this constraint in efficiency measurement. Therefore, this study has applied both DEA and Shannon entropy techniques and measured efficiencies of selected container terminals and found that the latter technique can overcome the constraint posed by DEA.
Efficiency of port operation its influence on supply chain network design /
(Research Bulletin, 2022-10-01) Sekar, M.
Supply Chain Management is a very convoluted network that transports the material or product to the end users. The products are distributed through different channels. Ports integrate the supply chains with the consumption market and production market globally and regionally. Also port being an intermediary for supply chain network, the efficiency of port operation has a great influence on the movement of cargo. Port operational indices like average turnaround time of the vessel, average pre-berthing detention and average output per ship berth day have an impact on supply chain network design. The author makes an attempt to find out the most efficient port, among the major ports, based on the above indices, while keeping other indices as constant. The most efficient port may have a competitive advantage over other ports and could be a preferred port in the supply chain network.
Enhancing employee productivity in multinational logistics through big data analysis: investigating the impact of flexible work arrangements, location, and amenities /
(European Economic Letters, 2023-01-01) Jogarao, Malla
In today’s working environment, various organizations confront the significant challenges of productivity and performance. However, higher education institutes (HEIs) are also not free from this massive issue. Therefore, the present study investigates employee productivity and performance through work engagement (WEE) and organizational factors. The modes of study are quantitative and based on cross-sectional data. The study collects the response from academic and administrative staff from public and private HEIs of Saudi Arabia. The study applies convenience sampling and successfully proceeds 254 valid cases to conclude the findings. The applied structural equation model (SEM) path analysis demonstrates a positive and significant effect of WEE comprising vigour, dedication, and absorption factors on employee productivity (EPD). In addition, employee performance (EP) is predicted through organizational factors such as management support (MS), learning culture (LC), work environment (WE) and organizational commitment (OC). Finally, the study finds a significant and positive effect of EPD on EP among the employees of HEIs. The study findings would be guidelines for policymakers and the top management of higher education commissions to advance the knowledge and skills of EPD and EP of the organizations. The study would support achieving job tasks and goals through developing WEE and organizational factors for productivity and performance. Lastly, the findings will augment the literature and provide empirical evidence from Middle East countries. The study provides a vigorous model which connects the WEE theory and organizational factors towards EPD and EP in an integrated way.
Exploring the necessary upgrades in port infrastructure to accommodate and support the operation of the next‑generation green ships
(Marine Systems & Ocean Technology | Springer, 2025-04-14) Abhijit Arvind Mohite, Emil Mathew
The transition to green shipping is critical for addressing the maritime industry’s environmental challenges amid rising concerns about climate change and pollution. Green ships utilize alternative fuels and innovative technologies to reduce their carbon footprint, necessitating substantial upgrades to port infrastructure. This study employs a positivist approach, using a quantitative research methodology to analyze the financial, technological, and environmental requirements for accommodating these vessels. A descriptive research design, coupled with stratified random sampling, captures stakeholder perceptions from diverse groups, including industry experts and port authority officials, through a Likert-scale questionnaire. The findings reveal strong consensus on the urgent need for improvements in docking facilities, modern fuel supply systems, and waste management, indicating financial and technological challenges. Stakeholders largely believe that adequate financial resources exist for these upgrades, emphasizing the importance of government funding and private investment. There is a general agreement that upgrading infrastructure will decrease carbon emissions, while calls for stricter regulatory enforcement and legal incentives persist. Overall, this research underscores the readiness of ports to accommodate green ships and highlights the potential for aligning investments with global sustainability goals. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of stakeholder perceptions and the integration of multiple dimensions—financial, legal, environmental, and technical—in evaluating port infrastructure upgrades for green shipping.
Impact behaviour of MWCNTs reinforced YSZ and Al2O3 ceramic-nanocomposites prepared via vacuum hot-pressing technique
(Elsevier, 2023-04-24) Subramani, R Ram
Materials for structure-based aerospace applications are on high demand throughout the globe. Owing to its high strength to weight ratio and high stiffness, composites are potential candidates in aerospace, turbine and military applications. This paper concentrates on the impact behaviour of two nanoceramic composites - yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared via vacuum hot-pressing at 1600 °C with a pressure of 30 MPa at varying MWCNTs contents (1, 3 & 5 wt.%). The composite tiles were examined for impact behaviour using gas gun at different velocities (50, 100 & 200 ms−1). The results indicated that composites with 1 wt% MWCNTs reinforced YSZ demonstrated lower penetration compared to other composites owing to its higher interfacial bonding between MWCNTs and YSZ. On the other hand, alumina reinforced MWCNTs showcased a higher depth of penetration due to weak van der Waals force of attraction between MWCNTs and alumina. The reinforcement of CNTs up to 3 wt.% worked as threshold for improvement in impact behaviour for ceramics whereas penetration values increase with increase of MWCNTs.
Impact of maritime transportation on environment- A review
(SS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, 2017-11) Mathew, Emil.
Liberalisation policies adopted by a large number of countries, implementation of technological innovations with developments in communication networks and continuous reduction in transport costs led to the growth of international transportation of goods over the last 50 to 60 years. Being looked upon as a less polluting and cost efficient mode of transportation, shipping has received wide acceptance due to its economies of scale. Higher and persistent growth prospects of maritime transportation calls for an examination into its environmental externalities. The present paper examines the adverse effects of maritime transportation on environment, that is, on the externalities of transporting cargoes using water mode of transportation. This review carried out on the recent literature on externalities of maritime transportation suggests that appropriate policies may be adopted to address the issue at national and international levels without which international trade may be hampered.
In Search of a Linkage Between Personality Traits and Interpersonal Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study on Indian Marine Engineers Using Structural Equation Modelling
(Galenos Publishing House, 2024) Mitra, Toorban
Building and maintaining social and interpersonal relationships are crucial for mental health. However, due to the unique characteristics of jobs, building and maintaining such interpersonal relationships with colleagues as well as others may not be as similar to off-shore employees like shorebased ones. On the contrary, preference towards exhibiting interpersonal relationship behaviour is another area that needs attention in the maritime sector. Such preferences may be unique while individuals pass through uncertain situations like the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study investigates the linkages between personality traits and interpersonal relationship behaviours among Indian marine engineers. Data was gathered through snowball sampling from 385 marine engineers utilising the Big Five Inventory and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientation-Behavior™ framework after necessary adaptations of these instruments. Results show that conscientiousness is linked to expressed inclusion and wanted control. Extraversion is linked with all behaviours except wanted control, while agreeableness is associated with expressed control. Neuroticism shows linkages with wanted inclusion, expressed control, and wanted control. This study fills critical research gaps by examining the missing links between personality traits and interpersonal relationships in a high-stress environment like the maritime sector and that too during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights emphasise the need for effective communication and teamwork in high-stress maritime environments.
Influence of ceramic nanoparticles on fatigue life of Al 6061 prepared via ultrasonic aided rheo- squeeze casting process /
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-04-27) Subramani, R Ram
The fatigue behaviour of Al 6061 along with its ceramic nanoparticles reinforced cermets fabricated through ultrasonic-aided rheo-squeeze casting technique are evaluated. The fatigue behaviour was studied under ambient and elevated temperature (250°C) conditions, and the effect of notches was also examined under same stress conditions. Al 6061 indicated service life of ~1.15 million cycles at low stress value which dropped to 15,470 cycles with increase in stress magnitude. Al cermet (ALST) shwocased enhanced = fatigue life up to ~35% for hybrid cermet with highest service life of 1.71 million cycles due to load transfer mechanism. In elevated temperature condition, life of Al 6061 dropped by 37%, whereas the reinforced cermets remained higher with ALST revealing high service life cycles. Further, notch indicated drop in fatigue life of Al and its cermets with cermets prevailing better than Al. The elevated temperature notch represented the lowest fatigue life owing to stress concentration as well as the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch.
Influence of ceramic nanoparticles on fatigue life of Al 6061 prepared via ultrasonic aided rheo- squeeze casting process /
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-04-27) Subramani, R Ram
The fatigue behaviour of Al 6061 along with its ceramic nanoparticles reinforced cermets fabricated through ultrasonic-aided rheo-squeeze casting technique are evaluated. The fatigue behaviour was studied under ambient and elevated temperature (250°C) conditions, and the effect of notches was also examined under same stress conditions. Al 6061 indicated service life of ~1.15 million cycles at low stress value which dropped to 15,470 cycles with increase in stress magnitude. Al cermet (ALST) shwocased enhanced = fatigue life up to ~35% for hybrid cermet with highest service life of 1.71 million cycles due to load transfer mechanism. In elevated temperature condition, life of Al 6061 dropped by 37%, whereas the reinforced cermets remained higher with ALST revealing high service life cycles. Further, notch indicated drop in fatigue life of Al and its cermets with cermets prevailing better than Al. The elevated temperature notch represented the lowest fatigue life owing to stress concentration as well as the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch.