Research Publications

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    Development of pH value detection sensor for water to detect and automate water neutralization process
    (International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews(IJRAR), 2022-06) Ganesh Ram, V.; Aravind, D.
    Water pollution is one of the severe problems that have crippling effect on public hygiene. This paper proposes a suitable method to detect and perform corrective measures using sensing components to aid maintenance of water quality. In the money conservative market like India, less importance is given for public hygiene and there is a general myth that any quality monitoring system would be costly and complex in its operation. Water is a universal solvent and in nature, it is never totally pure. No matter how for isolated, it is from sources of contamination, it will always have some chemicals. Gases or minerals in the air, soil, or rock are dissolved by the water. Some dissolved materials give water its characteristic taste, and “pure water” is generally considered to be flat and tasteless. Our main purpose is to identify and treat to remove unwanted constituents in the water and to make it safe or fit for a specific purpose in industry or domestic applications. We are making our system portable and compact, to process only upto a certain limit as it is a prototype. The development of pH electrode plays a major role for this research. Resistance is measured for various levels of water, where non-linear resistance identifies the pH value. Each individual liquid has a different resistance level for the pH. As resistivity is directly proportional to the current & voltage. The methodology presents a self-developed pH level indicator that measures pH level of the water. The end process gives quality water for people usage and indicates the same with its auto monitoring system.
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    SBR Sewage treatment plant automation using PLC and SCADA
    (Advanced Engineering Science, 2022-10) Aravind, D.; Ganesh Ram, V.; Thangalakshmi, S.; Balaji, C. P.; Govindarajan, Rajendran.; Rajkumar, Perumal.
    Today's never-ending industrial expansion and the sharp rise in urban pollution have led to environmental and water contamination. The industrial sewage water gets mixed with streams, ocean and ponds etc. that causes several ailments in living things. Proper treatment of sewage can prevent these problems. Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from industrial/domestic wastewater. Physical process (such as filtration, sedimentation and distillation), chemical processes (such as flocculation and chlorination) and biological process (slow sand filters or biologically active carbon) are used to remove contaminants so that water becomes safe enough to get released into the environment. By using these sewage processes we can not only avoid the diseases but also we can recycle the industry wastewater (sewage process) for further uses (garden, car cleaning, etc.). There are conventional methods for sewage treatment, which occupies more spaces as well as involve higher constructive cost. The activated sludge process is modified by the "fill and draw" Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The complete treatment procedure takes place in one tank as opposed to separate tanks for each process. The benefits include less expensive plant construction due to tank reduction and smaller footprint compared to alternative treatment options. This paper aims to monitor and automate various stages of sewage treatment carried through sequencing batch reactor. In general, industrial automation refers to the use of technology for process control in a variety of operations, including chemical and petrochemical, power, iron, and steel, food and beverage, waste water treatment, and other plants. One of the main needs that reduces the need for labour is plant automation. Currently, SCADA systems and programmable logic controllers are widely employed in industry. In order to improve the efficiency of the sewage treatment process, the application of PLC is investigated in this study.
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    Reduction of engine emission into the environment through effective operation of catalytic converter in proportion with pollutant
    (SPECIALUSIS UGDYMAS / SPECIAL EDUCATION, 2022) Aravind, D.; Ganesh Ram, V.; Thangalakshmi, S.; Balaji, C. P.
    The discharge of harmful impurities put into air which creates unwanted effects to the environments and people. Inadequate engine combustion is one of the causes for air pollution with the emission of CO, HC, NOx, SOx soon. Whenever there is an incomplete combustion takes place huge volume of CO gas is released. If the fuel includes a high Sulphur concentration, the Sulphur in the petroleum combines with the oxygen during the combustion process and releases SO2. The unburnt hydrocarbon is due to incomplete combustion and NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) are leads to the formation of uninflamed gas in the exhaust with nitrogen. Hence, rigid norms of effluence emissions are enforced as safety measures which has made exhaust gas aftertreatment systems important. In order to reduce the engineemission, the current method is the use of catalytic converter. This paper discusses an effective system for improving presentation of the catalytic converter by using an embedded controller in proportion with emission.
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    Energy storage systems - Possible impacts on maritime sector
    (International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, 2022-06) Thangalakshmi, S.; Ganesh Ram, V.
    Typical marine vehicles either use diesel or diesel-electric power, which produces toxic pollutants that impact the health of those who live near the harbour. The use of the Battery-operated Electric Propulsion (pure-electric) technology would decrease hazardous pollutants emitted by sea vehicles to zero. Concerns over critical environmental degradation and fossil fuel usage have captivated the automotive market, particularly in maritime vessels, in recent times. The oscillations generated by strong dynamic loads serve as an additional difficulty in ships. To improve stability in shipboard power systems, many generators are now maintained online at far lower than their efficient point. So, to increase the fuel mileage of shipboard power systems, a simple option, a compromise between fuel savings and durability, might be presumed: minimal generator operation with ensured safety. In contrast to previous systems in which propulsion and service loads are powered by distinct generators, propulsion and service loads are linked into a shared network in pure-electric ships to achieve reduced fuel economy with lower emissions. Integration of an energy storage system (ESS) is said to be a useful strategy for increasing the reliability of the shipboard power system. Batteries, ultra-capacitors, flywheels, and fuel cells are examples of energy storage technologies that are now employed in a variety of applications. Marine batteries are particularly developed for sea transport, having larger plates and more resilient structure to handle the stress and hammering that might arise on any powerboat. These batteries have been designed specifically to suit the prospective and future demands of marine transportation applications. This study examines many types of maritime energy storage devices that have been widely employed to enhance the overall efficiency of sea transport.
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    Effect of panel materials on the performance of solar cells
    (Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 2020) Thangalakshmi, S.; Ganesh Ram, V.; Sivasami, K.; Sathiyasekar, K.
    Electrical energy has become part and parcel of our life as all the domestic modern appliances use electricity because of its cleanliness, availability and ease of control. Also, conservation of such energy is paramount not only on economic aspect but also to extend the life of resources for further use. Presently, most of the electricity is generated using power generating plants that use coal as fuel. In addition to produce energy, they do contaminate the environs by discharging flue gases chiefly carbon dioxide. The extent of carbon dioxide discharged into the air as an end result of actions of a specific individual, group or public is referred as carbon footprint and globally there is a call for reducing this carbon foot print to curtail its unfavorableimpacts on the society. Hence, though there are other resources like oil and gases are available for producing electrical energy, they do have the same effect. They are unsustainable. More than conserving the energy, it is highly needed to use renewable and sustainable energies to produce electricity. The cheap, clean and available renewable energy is solar energy. Photovoltaics (PV) is a guileless and smart method of hitching the solar energy. PV cells/solar cells are exclusive in that they reliably deliver electricity through the solar radiation hitting them. All the solar radiation falling on a PV cell or panel is not completely converted as electrical energy but it is decided by the materials used for PV cells. There are various other factors that judge the outcome of a solar panel namely, the temperature, solar irradiance, fill factor etc. The aim of this study is to explore and relate the various materials used for PV panels based on their properties and other significant factors. This will serve as a guide for researchers for choosing a proper material for a particular application.