Research Publications
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Item An analysis of steam coal import logistics in India and factors effecting the costs in the supply chain with reference to Indian power sector(Global Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management (GCOM 2012), 2012-03) Bangar Raju, Totakura. ; Mohan Rao, K. V.; Ramalingeswara Rao, B. V.India has an ambitious plan of going for additional power generation capacity of 65000MW out of which 44000MW would through coal based. In the year 2009-2010 the domestic thermal coal production has been 400 million tonnes and 44 million tonnes of thermal coal has been imported. So at present 11% of our thermal coal consumption is being met through imports. Keeping in view the limitations in increasing domestic production like environmental, forestry and productivity issues, India is would be more dependent on imported coal for future needs. The projection of integrated energy policy report indicates that the range of coal requirement under various scenarios would be between 860-1296 million tonnes in the year 2031-32 of which imports are projected in the range of 53% to 57%. This underscores the need for adequate and efficient port handling facilities and ocean transport facilities for connecting the supply chain for the thermal power plants. The eleventh five year plan envisages an additional coal handling capacity to 115 million tonnes by the end of the plan period. In additional it is critical to identity the bottlenecks and cut down costs in ocean trade logistics and supply chain for more low cost fuel for the power requirements. The paper attempts to analyse various kinds of vessels transporting coal from Indonesia and south Africa to India. The major problems related to import logistics have been discussed and analysed. It can be concluded that size of ships and port infrastructure are key factors which could reduce the costs in the supply chain.Item Assessing underwater noise levels during various port activities at the Visakhapatnam channel(Indian Maritime University, Visakhapatnam, 2019) Pavan Kumar, G. V. V.; Prasanna Kumar, A.; Prasad, V. V. S.Transport infrastructure is one of the most important factors for country’s progress or economic growth. Ports serve as important transportation hubs that facilitate goods movement. Visakhapatnam Port is the second largest port by volume of cargo handled located in the east coast of India. Under the modernization program the port is capable for handling vessels up to 14.5 m by maintenance dredging and some jetties extension with piling activity. The major activities of the port operation are the vessel handling using tugs and movement of other vessel within the inner harbor of the Visakhapatnam channel. The underwater noise levels of the channel are measured by deploying Omni-directional hydrophone at different location along the channel and the radiated noise levels due to the tug boat operations. The TASCAM data recorder is used to convert the voltage signal to sound file and Fast Fourier Transformation spectral analysis program for post-processing the time and frequency domain spectrum. The tug machinery self-noise indicated a peak amplitude of 157 dB re 1μ Pa at 425 Hz. The jetty modification work recorded the piling activity radiated noise levels as indicated in the spectrogram in the lower frequency of nearly one second duration. The anthropogenic noise due to tugs movement and the piling activity have major influence in increasing the ambient noise of the region. However, there are no evidence of presence any marine mammals getting effected due to the continuous shipping and other activities in the region. The present study shall help to develop measures to reduce the increase in the ambient noise levels of the region due to various anthropogenic sources as part of a major environment impact assessment study for developing a green port.