A study on container shortage and supply chain disruptions - causes and mitigation strategies

Abstract

The global maritime and logistics sector has experienced severe disruptions in recent years, with container shortages becoming a significant bottleneck to efficient trade and supply chain operations. This research investigates the causes of container shortages and their broader implications, while also exploring potential strategies to mitigate these disruptions. The study focuses primarily on the Indian logistics context, complemented by global perspectives, to present a comprehensive understanding of the issue. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, incorporating both primary and secondary data. Primary data was gathered through interactions with key stakeholders involved in shipping, logistics, and port operations, providing practical insights into the challenges and real-time responses within the supply chain ecosystem. Secondary data was obtained from academic literature, industry reports, government publications, and trade analyses to support and contextualize the findings. The study examines various interrelated causes of container shortages, such as global trade imbalances, inefficient repositioning practices, congestion at ports, limited domestic container production, and gaps in multimodal logistics infrastructure. It also considers the economic and operational consequences of these disruptions on trade efficiency, freight costs, and delivery schedules. Additionally, the research outlines strategies to reduce the frequency and impact of such shortages, highlighting the importance of infrastructure development, technology integration, improved coordination, and long term planning. Overall, the study provides valuable recommendations for building a more resilient and self-sufficient logistics framework in India, contributing to enhanced global trade participation and supply chain stability.