Conference Proceedings

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Evaluation of river regulatory measures in hughly estuary using tidal asymmetry characteristics
(IEEE, 2006) Sivakholundu, K. M.; Kathiroli S.; Mani J. S.; Idichandy V. G.
Tidal asymmetry has a profound effect on estuarine hydrodynamics and sedimentation pattern. The information of tidal asymmetry can be a useful tool to evaluate the flow pattern in shallow estuary and characterize the dominance of flood or ebb flow. The effects of features (like obstructions, depressions, etc.) and discharge variation in a theoretical channel section is simulated to quantify the parameters of tidal asymmetry. A set of proposed river regulatory measures in a shallow estuary (Hughly, India) was taken up for evaluation using tidal asymmetry parameters to check whether this may be used as additional tool. The indications provided (flood dominance and hence sediment importing regime) with asymmetry parameters do match with field conditions (based on bathymetry survey data). The asymmetry parameters may be put to use to evaluate the change in flood/ebb dominance in relative terms in a given section.
Application of parametric acoustics for shallow-water near-surface geophysical investigations
(IEEE, 2006-05) Vasudevan, Manoj; Sivakholundu, K. M.; Venkata Rao, D.; Kathiroli, S.
Shallow-water near-surface geophysical investigations were carried out, under two different scenarios - one to assess the status of a pipeline in the West coast and the other to assess the effect of water-injection dredging in the East coast of India. In both these investigations, Parametric Sediment Echo Sounder (SES-2000), a system developed by Innomar Technologie GmbH, which makes use of the parametric acoustical effect, was used. In the former case, profiles were taken across a pipeline at regular intervals to determine whether it was buried or exposed. The parametric system produces a 2D geo-acoustic section in which the pipe is indicated by a hyperbolic curve. The exposed height or buried depth of the pipeline at a crossing is then estimated. This investigation could, also, reveal the geomorphologic changes in the immediate vicinity of the pipeline. In the latter case, parametric acoustics was utilized to provide supplementary results for the assessment of water-injection dredging. Parametric acoustic data could expose the abrupt termination of certain near-seabed layer interfaces and sediment accumulations along steep slope, quite convincingly. SES-2000 proved to be handy to investigate the near-surface sub-seabed, especially in areas where conventional or popular methods find practical difficulties to be carried out.
Role of storytelling in learning in the context of knowledge management system
(IIS, 2007) Surulinathi, M.; Chavan, S.B.; Devendrappa, T.M.
Humans are telling stories since ancient, and there is a resurgence of interest in the art among today’s organizational leaders. What is new is the purposeful use of narrative to achieve a practical outcome. This paper focuses on some leading concept like learning style, learning methods, learning tools in knowledge management system. Storytelling will become a key ingredient in managing communications, education, training, innovation and sharing knowledge in the digital learning environment. Storytelling is the act of telling a story in an entertaining, impressive or dramatic way. “Audience want an unexpected gift at an unexpected time”. Adding feeling or emotion is probably most important. How do we do it? Generally we remember the feeling of the event or imagine what our characters might be feeling and then adjust our 'delivery' accordingly. This articles focused on features of storytelling and how the software facilitate to telling the story.
Control of biocorrosion to prevent the propagation of invasive species
(Indian Maritime University, Chennai, 2010-09) Joshi, Madhu; Mukherjee, A.; Ramesh, U. S.; Misra, S. C.
Biocorrosion or biofouling on ships hull occursdue to the attachment of barnacles, mollusks and other aquatic organisms on the surface of ships which leads to increase in fuel consumption, reduction of the vessels speed, premature failure of the hull, etc. Recent developments in antifouling paints, in general, prevent fouling in about 95% percent of the vessels underwater surface, which ship operators find satisfactory as far as the routine vessel operation is concerned. However, this is not sufficient to prevent the transport or invasion of alien species. In recent years the issue of invasive marine species has been receiving considerable attention due to the fact that introduction of nonidegenous species or non-native species transmigrated from other areas to coastal waters often results in the reduction and even extinction of the native species and thereby severely disrupting the natural marine ecosystems. The predominant vector for the transport of nonindigenous species in marine environments has been shipping. While ballast water receives the most attention, hull fouling is now considered to be the most significant means for translocation of these organisms. For example, 90 percent of the 343 marine alien species in Hawaii are thought to have arrived through hull fouling Certain niche areas of the vessel such as bow thrusters, sea chest, stern tube, rudder etc. are the likely areas to be heavily fouled. In addition, the other areas that are likely to be fouled are on locations where antifouling paint has been worn of due to excessive shear and bending of the hull. This paper reviews the various antifouling strategies and aims identify areas on the hull surfaces of certain classes of vessels that are prone to fouling by excessive shear and bending and identify suitable antifouling treatments to further reduce the risk of transportation of alien species.
Control of bio corrosion to prevent the propagation of invasive species
(National Corrosion Council of India (NCCI), 2010-09-16) Madhu, Joshi; Mukherjee, A.; Misra, S. C.; Ramesh, U. S.
Biocorrosion or biofouling on ships hull occursdue to the attachment of barnacles, mollusks and other aquatic organisms on the surface of ships which leads to increase in fuel consumption, reduction of the vessels speed, premature failure of the hull, etc. Recent developments in antifouling paints, in general, prevent fouling in about 95% percent of the vessels underwater surface, which ship operators find satisfactory as far as the routine vessel operation is concerned. However, this is not sufficient to prevent the transport or invasion of alien species. In recent years the issue of invasive marine species has been receiving considerable attention due to the fact that introduction of nonidegenous species or non-native species transmigrated from other areas to coastal waters often results in the reduction and even extinction of the native species and thereby severely disrupting the natural marine ecosystems. The predominant vector for the transport of nonindigenous species in marine environments has been shipping. While ballast water receives the most attention, hull fouling is now considered to be the most significant means for translocation of these organisms. For example, 90 percent of the 343 marine alien species in Hawaii are thought to have arrived through hull fouling. Certain niche areas of the vessel such as bow thrusters, sea chest, stern tube, rudder etc. are the likely areas to be heavily fouled. In addition, the other areas that are likely to be fouled are on locations where antifouling paint has been worn of due to excessive shear and bending of the hull. This paper reviews the various antifouling strategies and aims identify areas on the hull surfaces of certain classes of vessels that are prone to fouling by excessive shear and bending and identify suitable antifouling treatments to further reduce the risk of transportation of alien species.
Prediction of manoeuvring behaviour of an offshore supply vessel by using simulation program
(Proceedings of MARTEC 2010 The International Conference on Marine Technology, 2010-12) Mohd Noor, Che Wan.; Muzathik, Abdul Majeed.; Wan Nik, Wan Mohd Norsani.; Ahmad, Mohammad Fadhli.; Samo, Khalid.; Balaji, Rajoo.
Manoeuvring ability of Offshore Supply Vessel (OSV) is a very critical aspect. An early prediction of vessel behaviour will definitely help to improve upon the design. The regular methods available for manoeuvring prediction such as free running model test, captive model test etc., are found to be expensive and time consuming. As an alternative, the current approach tries a numerical simulation method with parameters determined from a database. This study presents the manoeuvring prediction of an OSV which includes the development of time domain simulation program by using Matlab Simulink software. Three degrees of freedom were considered and applying the Newtonian laws, the equations of motion were framed. Further, forces on hull, forces and moments induced by propeller and rudder were also taken into reckoning. Results were obtained with inputs of vessel speeds, engine revolutions etc. Validation of the prediction results was also carried out by comparing the results with full-scale sea trial data. The prediction results show a good agreement with the sea trial data. Applying approximate numerical formula for manoeuvring prediction is seen to be a reliable and economic prediction tool at early design stages of such vessels.
Bio diesel as an alternative fuel for maritime transport
(Indian Maritime University, 2011-09-30) Misra, S. C.; Ramesh, U. S.
Movement of goods through seaways and rivers is one of the most energy efficient modes of transportation. Majority of the ships and boats in maritime transportation use Diesel engines for propulsion and power requirements burning a variety of grades of fossil fuel. However with the advent of the concept of sustainable environment, this industry is also looking towards improving its energy efficiently and environment friendliness. This paper outlines the regulatory requirements for fuels and emissions from diesel engines from ships operating in international trade. While Bio Diesel is one of the alternatives for reduction of maritime emissions due to its very low or negligible sulphur content and amenability to complete combustion, its testing in a marine environment in India is limited. The paper gives an overview of some of the results of studies conducted internationally on the use of Bio Diesels in marine transportation. An estimate of requirement of biodiesel for Coastal shipping in India is presented. The paper stresses the need for increased testing of Biodiesel blends in marine engines to quantify the benefits and cost implications for use in coastal and river movement of cargo and passengers.
A new era of maritime education
(INMARCO, 2011-12) Misra, S. C.
Imparting quality education is an ongoing process and the role of good faculty and infrastructure facilities cannot be undermined. IMU is making efforts to give a new direction and set academic standards in imparting quality maritime education. For this to happen, the need for academic programs supported by strong values of research is felt like never before. IMU must set forth an example in this direction.
Comparitive CFD study for a ship hull with sonar dome a different positions
(IIT, Kharagpur, 2011-12) Jaya Simha, B. Pradeep; Das, H. N.; Niranjan Kumar, I. N.
Sonar Domes are traditionally Hull Mounted and is placed in between bow and the mid ship. Placing the dome in such a way greatly reduces the risk of damage in heavy seas but it requires extreme design consideration. However, bow mounted domes also exhibit hydrodynamic advantages and are becoming more and more popular with time. A bow mounted dome may work like a bulbous bow and helps reducing the drag of the ship. The position of the appended dome greatly influences the flow near the hull and greatly affects the performance of the hull. Since there is a scope to position the dome at various locations along the hull, a CFD analysis is done to determine the performance of hull at three different positions of the ship and the results are compared in this paper. A detailed study of flow including streamlines, drag, wake at different regimes of flow etc., is made for different configurations of the dome. The sonar dome is placed at different locations beginning from the bow end to the mid-shipsection along the center-line of the ship and the performance of the hull is studied. The surface model of the sonar dome with hull is generated using modeling package CATIA. Surface and volume mesh is generated thereafter using ICEM CFD (v 10.0). The mesh is imported for flow analysis into Fluent (v 6.2) software. RANS equation was solved for turbulent, viscous and steady flow. However, the free surface could not be resolved well with Fluent and hence wave-resistance could not be estimated with Fluent. SHIPFLOW software was used to get wave resistance. SHIPFLOW solves potential flow equations for estimating waves and predicts skin friction from boundary layer equations. The CHAPMAN solver of SHIPFLOW was also used to estimate the fully turbulent flow near the stern region. Whereas, the RANS solution of Fluent is expected to predict viscous resistance more accurately the wave resistance may be confidently predicted from potential flow solver of SHIPFLOW. Use of different flow-equations for estimating different components of ship-resistance is an interesting aspect of this paper. Finally the performances of ship hull with sonar dome at different positions are compared to obtain the best location.
Study of alternate engine propulsion systems to reduce Co2 emissions from coastal ships
(IIT, Kharagpur, 2011-12) Vissamsetty, Srinivas; Ramesh, U. S.
This paper looks into the various engine propulsion systems like conventional reciprocating engines with HFO/LNG dual fuels, direct/electric propulsion with emphasis on reducing CO2 emissions from coastal ships. LNG is quickly emerging as a strong alternative to HFO because 20-30% reduction of CO2 can be achieved using this fuel. This paper also looks into the necessity for considering LNG for coastal shipping. A technical analysis is carried out for the additional expenditure incurred in way of the additional/alternate equipment and the benefits due to complying with IMO’s Tier II and III requirements (no need to install any other emission cleaning equipment 􀃆expenditure saved), reduced carbon foot print, reduced maintenance costs, increase in the thermal efficiency of the engine, etc. Carbon dioxide emissions from all alternatives are also presented.
Study on different concepts for design of a coastal research vessel
(IIT, Kharagpur, 2011-12) Mallampalli, Premchand
The design of any vessel is a series of compromises which trade off one property for another. Catamarans are particularly appropriate in the size range from 45 to 170 feet, where they offer many of the advantages of considerably longer conventional vessels in a shorter, wider, shallower draft, fuel efficient package. Designing and using modern catamarans is lot like designing and using aircraft where strength/weight considerations are crucial. Weight control is essential for good and safe performance offshore. Blind application of monohull design ideas has lead to the creation of a number of needlessly heavy (and thus expensive) catamarans with poor sea keeping. Fuel load takes the place of science cargo as the primary weight to be hauled, which in turn requires larger engines to achieve the design speed and range, which requires more fuel and so on. The design spiral then diverges from well-proven wholesome, catamaran design practice. This paper signifies the importance of catamaran hull form benefits as a research vessel and the reasons for selecting this hull form. Study is also done on the spacing between the two hulls with symmetrical demihull and asymmetrical demihull. Resistance, working deck space, operating cost options are the primary factors in determining catamaran hull form as the most efficient out of the comparison between monohull and catamaran. This paper signifies the effect of bulbous bow [9] in reducing the resistance components and increasing the volume of displacement for a given set of constraints.
Acoustic estimation of suspended sediment concentration from turbidity in the nearshore areas off Visakhapatnam
(INCHOE2014 (Proceedings), 2012-02-05) Patnaik, K. V. K. R. K.; Suresh, R. R. V.
Patnaik, KVKRK., Suresh, RRV., 2014. Acoustic estimation of suspended sediment concentration from turbidity in the nearshore areas off Visakhapatnam, Proceedings of the Fifth Indian National Conference on Harbour and Ocean Engineering (INCHOE2014), 5-7 Feb. 2014, CSIR-NIO, Goa, India. Accurate estimation and monitoring of suspended sediment concentration in the nearshore areas is a challenging task involved in the maintenance of draft of navigational channels, ports and harbors. In the nearshore environment Suspended Sediment Concentration varies significantly both in time and space in response to various forcing mechanisms. Though estimation of this through Acoustic remote sensing is a surrogate method, it is proved to be a best method. The present study is based on the simultaneous data obtained from 600 Khz workhorse ADCP, Turbidity sensor and LISST portable. ADCP was side mounted to BTV Sagar Manjusha at a depth region of 20m and programmed to record the data for every one minute for the period of 3 days to cover six tidal cycles. These data are used to develop a location specific version of the sonar equation which converts the ADCP echo intensity to turbidity (NTU). This equation was obtained by relating echo intensity and turbidity. It is also found that the particle size in the study area ranging from 50 – 400 μm. It is also found that the estimated turbidity is in good agreement with the measured turbidity values.
An analysis of steam coal import logistics in India and factors effecting the costs in the supply chain with reference to Indian power sector
(Global Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management (GCOM 2012), 2012-03) Bangar Raju, T.; Mohan Rao, K. V.; Ramalingeswara Rao, B. V.
India has an ambitious plan of going for additional power generation capacity of 65000MW out of which 44000MW would through coal based. In the year 2009-2010 the domestic thermal coal production has been 400 million tonnes and 44 million tonnes of thermal coal has been imported. So at present 11% of our thermal coal consumption is being met through imports. Keeping in view the limitations in increasing domestic production like environmental, forestry and productivity issues, India is would be more dependent on imported coal for future needs. The projection of integrated energy policy report indicates that the range of coal requirement under various scenarios would be between 860-1296 million tonnes in the year 2031-32 of which imports are projected in the range of 53% to 57%. This underscores the need for adequate and efficient port handling facilities and ocean transport facilities for connecting the supply chain for the thermal power plants. The eleventh five year plan envisages an additional coal handling capacity to 115 million tonnes by the end of the plan period. In additional it is critical to identity the bottlenecks and cut down costs in ocean trade logistics and supply chain for more low cost fuel for the power requirements. The paper attempts to analyse various kinds of vessels transporting coal from Indonesia and south Africa to India. The major problems related to import logistics have been discussed and analysed. It can be concluded that size of ships and port infrastructure are key factors which could reduce the costs in the supply chain.
Anifouling paint schemes to minimize the risk of transmigration of invasive species
(Sixteenth National Congress on Corrosion Control, 2012-08) Mukherjee, A.; Joshi, Madhu; Misra, S. C.; Ramesh, U. S.
Biocorrosion or biofouling on ships hull occurs to the attachment of barnacles, mollusks and Other aquatic organisms on the surface of ships which leads to increase in fuel consumption, reduction of the vessels speed, premature failure of the hull, etc. Recent developments in antifouling paints, in general, prevent fouling in about 95% percent of the vessels underwater surface, which ship operators find satisfactory as far as the routine vessel operation is concerned. However, this is not sufficient enough to prevent the transport or invasion of alien species which result in numerous environmental issues that include reduction and extinction of native species and thereby seriously disrupting the natural ecosystems. Virtually all ocean going vessels are coated with antifouling paints, predominant among them are “Self polishing coatings” and “Foul Release Coatings”. Both these coatings depend on hull shear forces caused by the motion of the vessel, by different mechanisms, to result in the hull to be essentially foul-free. Currently hulls are coated with a uniform layer of antifouling paints. However, CFD analysis conducted on various types of vessels have shown highly non-uniform wall stress distribution along the vessels hull. This results in premature paint failure for “Self polishing Coatings” and insufficient shear forces for “Foul release coatings” to release the attached fouling organisms. Both these factors contribute significantly to the transmigration of invasive species. Preliminary results of the current work indicate that certain areas of the vessel such as such as bow thrusters, sea chest, stern tube, rudder etc. are the likely areas to be heavily fouled thereby warranting special attention in such areas. Solutions to these issues include alternative paint schemes/formulations in the identified niche areas to account for non-uniform shear and polishing of paints. Such schemes would ultimately reduce the risk of transmigration of invasive species
Preliminary analysis for a circulating water channel using CFD
(World Shipping Forum, 2013-02) Jaya Simha, B. Pradeep; Misra, S. C.; Gokarn, R. P.
Sustainability in shipping includes improved designs that reduce power consumption. This requires advanced experimental techniques for hull form and propulsor development. A Circulating Water Channel (CWC) is used to generate a controlled flow environment and is used for various hydrodynamic research activities including flow around ships besides predicting its maneuvering behavior, studies for fishing nets, etc. While the experimental facilities such as towing tank facility, sea keeping and maneuvering basin are expensive, a relative low cost CWC, recognized by the ITTC community, is designed to facilitate academic and research activities and better flow studies. A preliminary Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis is carried out to minimize the variation of flow velocity through the guide vanes and across the width and study means of improving the flow uniformity in the test section of the CWC. A full scale CWC is modeled in commercially available software Altair Hyperworks 11.0 and a mesh is generated for the same. A CFD Analysis is carried out for 85°, 90°and 95° vane angles for an inlet velocity of 1.5 m/s. The results obtained are used to analyze and improve the flow uniformity in the test section of the CWC.
Comparative study for resistance of a bulk carrier using CFD
(Altair Technology Conference, 2013-07) Bhavaraju, Pradeep J. S.; Revathi, Ch.; Ramesh, U. S.
The hydrodynamic performance of a vessel depends on the shape of the hull. Therefore it is important that the hull form be carefully designed to minimize pressure distribution and resistance. A CFD analysis for the full scale bulk carrier is made to estimate the resistance at different velocitie . A 3D steady state, incompressible viscous flow analysis for 8, 12 and 14 knots at 7.8 m draft level is executed for zero offset flow angle using the CFD package ACUSOLVE and the results are compared with experimentally obtained model test results. An attempt is made to simulate free surface interaction between the bulk carrier and water using the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics method available in RADIOSS solver.
Feasibility study and design of shallow draught ore carriers for inland waterways
(First International Conference IDS 2013, 2013-07) Sha, O. P.; Pallencar, S.; Viswanath, N.; Misra, S. C.
The surge in iron ore exports from the Indian state of Goa has increased the demand for larger size inland iron ore carries. Operating economic of these inland vessels have resulted in a steady increase in their carrying capacity. However, attempt to increase the deadweight of these vessels has encountered challenges in form of loading and unloading point restrictions, increased squat, sway force and yaw moment at shallow waters. The present work based on a request from ministry of shipping, Government of India, examines the present ore transportation system, the bathymetry of the mandovi and zuari rivers and the operating economics of the barges ranging from 750 to 3000 tonnes deadweight capacity. A new improved design for 3000 tonnes dead weight barge is presented. Alternate stern shapes are examined using CFD software SHIPFLOW. The hull form is modal tested. The propeller geometry is optimized for the given engine and a suitable gear box. The proposed design is then investigated for its manoeuvring ability in shallow waters. The hydrodynamic sway forces yaw moments and nominal wake distribution for port and starboard propellers during manoeuvring motion are estimated by CFD software SHIPFLOW. The barge’s directional stability performance is investigated for twin-propeller twin –rudder configuration.
Estimation of ship velocity using SAR imagery - simulation methods
(Twenty Seventh National Convention of Marine Engineers, 2013-08) Ramalingeswara Rao, B. V.
The estimation of ship heading and speed from a high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image of ship and its wake is important for monitoring and tracking ships. In order to get a correct and focused image of the moving ships, it is necessary to know the real positions and velocities of the ships. Though the ship can often be imaged clearly, its orientation may be difficult to estimate from its image because of the effects of ship motion. The wake can provide direct information about the ship heading. The cross range separation between the location of the ship in the image and the wake can also provide an estimate of the ship’s velocity. We propose a strategy based on the generalized Radon Transform and the Stochastic Matched Filtering where the locus of the wake signature in the 2D spectrum of the image is to be detected. In this work we propose three simulation methods for estimation of ship velocities, and directions using SAR imagery. The knowledge of these parameters is used to compensate the SAR image, i.e. to eliminate the imaging errors due to object motion. The proposed methods are based on evaluation of a sequence of single–look SAR images, generated from conventional SAR raw data.
Waste heat recovery using (s-CO2) power cycle - applications for maritime industry
(Twenty Seventh National Convention of Marine Engineers, 2013-08) Ramesh, U. S.; Mahesh Babu, Y.; Kalyani, T.
The predominant source of power in a ship is the diesel engine which has evolved as a highly efficient means of generating necessary power for propulsion and auxiliary uses. However, only less than 50% of the fuel energy is transformed into useful work the rest being losses. It is widely recognized that about 30% of the total energy converted in a Diesel engine is rejected in the exhaust gas. The recently mandated EEDI [1] system for large ships gives credit to ship design for any recoverable energy. While some of the energy saving devices being contemplated, use wind and solar power, it is being recognized that waste heat recovery from the engine exhaust gases and cooling water can still be tapped to generate power resulting in improved energy efficiency of the plant. One of the ways of recovering heat energy from exhaust gas is to transfer the heat to a medium from which the energy can be recovered. On large ships the medium used is water and steam thus produced is used to heat fuel oil or for electrical energy production through a turbine. In this paper an alternate fluid (supercritical carbon dioxide) is presented as a means for recovering energy through a closed loop gas turbine cycle (Brayton Cycle) It operates significantly at lower temperatures and is non-corrosive, non-toxic, non-flammable and thermally stable. In supercritical state, the s-CO2 has a high density which results in reducing the size of the components such as the turbine. Supercritical CO2 gas turbine can generate power at a high cycle thermal efficiency even at modest temperatures of 550oC. The cycle can operate at wide range of pressures 20 to 80MPa. A case study of the amount of energy recoverable from the exhaust gas of a typical engine installed in an offshore supply vessel is presented along with theoretical calculations for the heat carried out by the exhaust gas and extraction of power which could be generated by the supercritical CO2 gas turbine plant from the engine
Planning and feasibility study of LNG terminal for visakhapatnam port trust
(Twenty Seventh National Convention of Marine Engineers, 2013-08) Chandrasekhar, B.; Patnaik, K. V. K. R. K.
To meet India’s growing energy demands, it is proposed to establish a LNG terminal at east coast for Visakhapatnam port trust. Its location is found to be feasible near the newly proposed Satellite Port and at proposed fishing harbour at Mullakuddu, Bheemunipatnam. This work comprises of the preliminary study and feasibility report along with plant process and basic requirements for setting up of LNG terminal for handling, storage and evacuation at Bheemunipatnam for Visakhapatnam Port Trust. The proposed LNG terminal facility at Bheemunipatnam is planned with the following infrastructural facilities for the smooth handling of LNG, which consists of a Jetty, LNG Tanks, Vaporisation plant, Fire control mechanism, Maintenance workshops, Administration Building, Guard houses, Utility area & Control rooms. As the first phase, the planned LNG terminal capacity is 2mmtpa with two LNG storage tanks of 85,000 m3 capacity, with a provision to increase it to 5mmtpa in future.